MOTION

By :

AMIR SALEH, S.Pd

MOTIVASION
You

will achieve a success quickly when in good feelings,

good thoughts, and urge all those good things
Anda akan meraih kesuksesan dengan segera apabila
berada dalam perasaan baik, pikiran baik, dan
menyegerakan semua hal baik tersebut.
People do not care how much you know until they know
how much you care.
Orang lain tidak akan perduli seberapa besar
pengetahuan Anda hingga mereka tahu seberapa besar
peduli Anda terhadap mereka.
When you fast do a goodness, the good fortune will
quickly approach you. When you fast do an evil, then the
windfall will quickly away from you.
Ketika Anda cepat melakukan kebaikan, maka rezeki
akan cepat menghampiri Anda. Ketika Anda cepat
melakukan keburukan, maka rezeki akan cepat menjauhi

what is motion?
when a body is
continuously changing
its position with respect
to the surroundings,
then we say that the
body is in motion.

EXAMPLE :
1.When an athelete is running on the
ground then he is continuously
changing his position with respect to
the audience who are sitting at rest.
2.We are continuously changing our
position since morning till night with
respect to earth which is at rest.
3. The earth is continuously changing
position with respect to sun which is at
rest.

What are the different types of

motion?
Linear motion : when a body moves either in a
straight line or along a curved path, then we say
that it is executing linear motion.
1. when a body moves in a straight line then the
linear motion is called rectilinear motion.
eg ., an athelete running a 100 meter race
along a straight track is said to be a linear
motion or rectilinear motion.
2.when a body moves along a curved path then
the linear motion is called curvilinear motion.
eg., a planet revolving around its parent star

What is the physics relating to motion

called ?
Mechanics : it is an important branch of
physics and deals with the effect of force on
bodies.
It is further divided into two
parts
1. Dynamics : In dynamics we discuss
the motion of bodies under the action of
forces.
2.Kinematics : it deals with the study of

Kinematics Definitions
Kinematics

branch of physics;
study of motion

Position

(x) where you are

located
Distance (d ) how far you have
traveled, regardless of direction
Displacement (x) where you
are in relation to where you
started

Distance vs.
Displacement
You

drive the path, and your

odometer goes up by 8 miles
(your distance).
Your displacement is the shorter
directed distance from start to
stop (green arrow).
start
What if you drove in a circle?

stop

Speed
Definitions:
Speed
The rate at which something moves a
given distance.
Faster speeds = greater distances
General formula for speed:
Speed = distance / time
Abbreviations commonly used:
d = distance t = time v = speed
v = d/t

Speed
Velocity

miles
d 100miles
v
40mph
40
hour
t 2.5hours
Distance

d v t 30

6
miles
hour

Time

hours

180miles

100miles
miles
d
t
2.5hours
2.5
miles / hour
v 40miles / hour

Acceleration
Acceleration of an object is the rate of change
of its velocity and is a vector quantity. For
straight-line motion, average acceleration is
the rate of change of speed:

change in speed
Acceleration
time interval

vf vi
a
t

Speed, Velocity, &

Acceleration
Speed

(v) how fast you go

Velocity

(v) how fast and which way;

the rate at which position changes

Average

speed ( v ) distance / time

Acceleration

(a) how fast you speed

up, slow down, or change direction;
the rate at which velocity changes

Speed vs. Velocity

Speed

is a scalar (how fast something is

moving regardless of its direction).
Ex: v = 20 mph

Speed

is the magnitude of velocity.

Velocity is a combination of speed and
direction. Ex: v = 20 mph at 15 south
of west
The

symbol for speed is v.

The symbol for velocity is type written in
bold: v or hand written with an arrow: v

Speed vs. Velocity

During

your 8 mi. trip, which took 15 min., your

speedometer displays your instantaneous
speed, which varies throughout the trip.
Your average speed is 32 mi/hr.
Your average velocity is 32 mi/hr in a E
direction.
At any point in time, your velocity vector
points tangent to your path.
The faster you go, the longer your velocity
vector.

Acceleration
Acceleration how fast you speed up,
slow down, or change direction; its the
rate at which velocity changes. Two
examples:
t (s)
v (mph)
t (s)
v (m/s)
0

55

34

57

31

59

28

61

25

a = +2 mph / s

m/s
a = -3 s = -3 m / s 2

Kinematics Formula
Summary
vt = v 0 + a t
v = (v0 + vt) / 2
avg

x = v0 t 1+
2

at

v t2 v 02 = 2 a

Kinematics Derivations

a = v / t (by definition)
a = (vt v0) / t

vt = v 0 + a t

v = (v0 + vf ) / 2 will be proven when we do gra

avg

x = v t = (v0 + vt) t = (v0 + v

+ a t) t

1
2

x = v t + a t 2

Kinematics Derivations
vf = v0 + a t

1
x = v0 t +

at2

(cont.)

t = (vf v0) / a

1
2

x = v0 [(vf v0) / a]+ a [(vf v0) / a] 2

2
that
vf2 thevtop
2 a xis solved for t and
Note
equation
0 =
that expression for t is substituted twice (in red)
into the
x equation. You should work out the algebra to
prove the final result on the last line.

Sample Problems
1.

Youre riding a car at 25 m/s and

come to a uniform stop at a red light
20 m away. Whats your
acceleration?

2.

A brick is dropped from 100 m up.

Find its impact velocity and air time.

3.

An arrow is shot straight up from a pit

12 m below ground at 38 m/s.
a. Find its max height above ground.
b. At what times is it at ground level?

Multi-step Problems
1.

How fast should you throw a

stone straight down from 40 m
up so that its impact speed
would be the same as a
mangos droppedAnswer:
from 19.8
60 m/s
m?

2.

A car accelerates at 1.5 m/s2

from rest to 22 m/s. Then the
brakes are applied and it stops
2.5 s later. Find the
total
Answer: 188.83 m
distance traveled.