GLOBAL WARMING :

CAUSES AND
EFFECTS

Introduction
What is Global
Warming?
The rise of average
temperature of earths
atmosphere and the
oceans.

Basic Questions of Global

Warming
1. What causes the earths
climate to change?
2. What are the effects of Global
Warming to humanity?
3. How do we overcome this
problem?

Q1 Answers.

1. Green House Effects

Example : carbon dioxide (CO2), Methane,
Ozone, Nitrous oxide, Sulfur Hexafluoride,
Hydrofluorocarbons and etc.

Green house gases acts like a mirror

which reflect a part of heat radiation
back to the earth.

Are you for real

Of course
dude! Check
out the tables.

Next Slide

Fig. 1:Cause for global warming: Carbon dioxide emissions in

million tons per year over the last 200 years.(graph taken from
http://www.globalwarmingart.com/wiki/Image:Global_Carbon_Emission_by
_Type_png)

Fig 3:From which sectors do the major greenhouse gas emissions come from? The lower
part of the picture shows the sources individually for the gases carbon dioxide,
methane and nitrous oxide, respectively.(Graph from
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Image:Greenhouse_Gas_by_Sector.png)

Q1 Answers

And the 2nd cause is,

2. Deforestation
the state of being clear of trees.

What did you

just say??

In Other Words,

It is an activity of cutting
out trees in the forests
in with the purpose of
development of that
particular place,
resourcing the raw
material to process
goods like papers.

Therefore
,

Massive deforestation could

lead to less carbon dioxide
(CO2) being absorbed (for
photosynthesis process) and
causing much more of the
greenhouse gases in the
atmosphere.

Hmm.. I wonder how

it looks like when a
forest is completely
destroyed.

Pictures of Deforestation
Activities

WHAAAATTTTT????!!!

Im freaking out
already, can we
move on to the
effects already
please??

Effects
1. Rise In Sea Levels Worldwide
This happens
due to the
melting of two
massive ice
sheets in
Antartica and
Greenland

Browns (2008) study

indicates that if the
Greenland ice sheet were to
melt, it would raise the sea
level up to 7 meters while
the melting of West Antartic
ice sheet would raise the sea
level 5 meters. Even just a
partial melting would have
dramatic changes on the sea
level

Well, that does

not sound so
bad.

Not that bad?

Try press next
and check out
the pictures
buddy.

Pictures of Melting of The Ice Sheets

WHAAAATTTTT????!!!

Effects
2. More Killer Storms

The severity of
storms such as
hurricanes and
cyclones is
increasing, and
research published
in Nature found
that (quoting) :

Scientists have come up with

the firmest evidence so far that
global warming will
significantly increases the
intensity of the most extreme
storms worldwide. The
maximum wind speeds of the
strongest tropical cyclones
have increased significantly
since 1981, according to
research published by Nature
this week. And the upward
trend, thought to be driven by
rising ocean temperatures, is
unlikely to stop at any time
soon

Wow! That
sounded like the
it really is
dangerous!

We got pictures for this

one to show you too.

Pictures of Storms

Hurricane Ivan
Hurricane Katrina

View of cyclone from the sattelite

WHAAAATTTTT????!!!

Hi, my name is Friday

and I have a conclusion
of all this mess for you.

The earth is too old to

stand up through this
phenomena. Therefore,
we, as the khalifa living
in it are responsible to
ensure the beauty of the
world can be enjoyed by
our kids in the future. If
we, as the soon-to-beforefathers do not find a
way to overcome this
problem, imagine how
would the future
generation survive with
a climate that is hotter
than it already is now?

References
http://www.wikihow.com/Take-Actionto-Reduce-Global-Warming
http://www.scientificamerican.com/ar
ticle.cfm?id=10-solutions-for-climat
e-change
http://science.howstuffworks.com/nat
ure/natural-disasters/hurricane8.htm
http://www.nature.com/news/2008/08
0903/full/news.2008.1079.html
http://sustainablog.org/2009/06/melti

Journal Article 1
Global Warming Causes and Effects
Global warming is a topic that is catching a lot of attentions because people are starting to see its catastrophic
effects. Unfortunately, many of them are getting their information from certain medias and politicians that dont
have good knowledge about the causes of global warming. These sources did an excellent job brainwashing the
public to believe that man-made carbon dioxide (CO2) is the main cause of global warming. If man-made CO2 was
the main cause of global warming, then how come temperatures declined from 1940 through 1970? This was a time
when the industrial revolution was in high gear and CO2 levels were rising because of it. CO2 made by nature does
play a significant role for trapping heat to warm the planet but man-made CO2 doesnt because it accounts for less
than 3 percent of the total CO2 level in the atmosphere. So, why are certain medias and politicians spending so
much time and money to convince the public that CO2 is the main cause of global warming? The answers are
usually the same when politicians are involved. It is all about power, control and money. Their hidden agenda is to
put a worldwide tax on the public to help them achieve whatever they are trying to achieve. I can assure you that it
is probably not good, otherwise they would not be lying to the public.
You dont have to look far to realize that CO2 is not the main cause of global warming. There are many gases that
are more destructive than CO2 when it comes to trapping heat from the sun. Methane gas is one of them, it can trap
20 times more heat than CO2. One of the top contributors of methane gas is livestock. Raising animals for the
purpose of satisfying our meat eating habits generate more greenhouse gases than all the motor vehicles in the
world combined. Fortunately, methane gas can only stay in the atmosphere for about 8 years. The bad news is,
more methane gas is being released into the atmosphere faster than it is disappearing. In fact, methane gas has
doubled since pre-industrial times while CO2 has only risen about 30 percent. Unless we reduce our meat
consumption, methane gas will keep on rising to dangerous levels. This will increase the Earths temperature,
resulting in more violent storms and floods. Below is a quote from a Yale physicist named Noam Mohr.
(cont)

(cont)
With methane emissions causing nearly half of the Planets human-induced warming, methane reduction
must be a priority.
By looking at other facts and analyzing them with CO2, it is clear that global warming is more of a natural
phenomenon and human activities are not the major contributors for global warming. Even Dr. James
Hansen, director ofNASAs Goddard Institute for Space Studiessuggested that CO2 emissions are not the
main cause of atmospheric warming.
Out of all the sources that contribute to global warming, the sun may be the most powerful. Take the sun
away and the Earth will freeze for eternity. Ask yourself this question, if CO2 is the main cause of global
warming, then why is Mars and the other planets warming up too? Sunspot activities were high in the
early 1980s up to the late 1990s. Some scientists believed that this is the main reason why the Earth and
other planets are heating up.
Scientists from Nasa say that Mars has warmed by about 0.5C since the 1970s. This is similar to the
warming experienced on Earth over approximately the same period (timesonline.co.uk. April 29, 2007).
The sun is one the biggest contributors when it comes to keeping the Earth warm and may even be the
main cause of global warming. According to data collected by scientists, sunspot activities correlates to
the rise and fall of temperatures on Earth. In the mid 1600s through the early 1700s, there were very little
observed sunspots. This period was also very cold, also known as theLittle Ice Age.Rick C. Hodgenwrote
a great article explaining how Dr. Willie Soon, an astrophysicist from Harvard, explained how sunspots
affects Earths climate. If Dr. Soon is right, within a few years, Earths temperature should start cooling
slightly because of the lack of sunspot activities.
Modern science does a pretty good job explaining how things work but it does have many flaws. Because
nature works in mysterious ways, using one specific answer to solve a problem may not be the best way
to go. Im sure there are many other major factors in the universe that contribute to global warming, such
as the galactic plane, planet alignment and consciousness.

Journal Article 2
Extreme weather events and climate change
2011 has been a year of unparalleled extremes: 14 disastrous weather events have resulted in over a billion
dollars in property damage an all-time record breaking number and their estimated $53 billion price tag
doesnt include health costs. As shown recently, in a first-of-its-kindstudy published in the journalHealth Affairs1,
when health-related costs of extreme events are calculated, the total tally increases substantially and will likely
continue to climb due to climate change. 7 of the 2011 extreme events a record-high number are the type
expected to worsen due to climate change.
Climate scientists are saying thatthese events may be part of a troubling trend influenced by climate change 2.
This trend has also been identified by the international reinsurance companyMunichRe[PDF]; they concluded
that from 1980 through 2011, the frequency of extreme events in the U.S. is rising. 3A newly-released analysis by
international climate scientists (IPCC) 4concluded that climate change will amplify extreme heat, heavy
precipitation, and the highest wind speeds of tropical storms.
We need to be prepared. Emergency planning must incorporate risks from climate change. For example, maps
describing flooding zones need to account for increased risks caused by extreme rainfall and sea level rise
resulting from climate change. While these plans are made at the local level, the Federal Emergency
Management Agency (FEMA) must also prioritize addressing and preparing for climate change by providing
guidance and resources to state and local governments.
1. Protect your family from extreme weather:
2. Stay informed subscribe to local emergency alerts and watch for updates. Make sure to have a battery
powered radio or other device in the event you lose power.
3. Stay connected check on relatives, friends and neighbors.
4. Plan ahead have an evacuation plan and emergency supplies on hand. Click here for information
onhow
to be aware and be prepared for a natural disaster. Also see theRed Cross, theFederal
Emergency
Management Agency(FEMA), or theCenters for Disease Control & Prevention(CDC) lists for
what you need.

Journal Article 3
Individual and Collective Solutions
Global warming may be one of the greatest threats to our planet. The impact of global warming, which is
already being felt, is expected to intensify in the years ahead. Fortunately nurses can take personal action
to address the challenge of global warming by making choices in their homes, workplaces, communities,
and legislatures. In homes nurses can make smart choices by buying energy-efficient appliances and cars
and opting for public transportation when available. In the workplace nurses can strive to reduce, reuse,
and recycle in order to decrease the health care impact on the environment. Nurses can also promote the
safest, most advanced methods of waste disposal, never opting for incineration, which is a polluting and
outdated method of waste disposal. Nurses can also join local communities, faith communities, and
organizations that are already working to reduce global warming. The experiences of the Maryland nurses,
described above, illustrates how nurses can work with legislators at any level to create and implement
policies that will lead to fewer carbon emissions from cars, good public transportation, sustainable
communities, and renewable energy.
Messages from nurses are accepted as credible and compelling since nursing is a very trusted profession.
As nurses begin to understand and see the effects of global warming, their advocacy roles as well as their
roles in health planning and care delivery will evolve.
Conclusion
It is important that nurses grasp the effects of global warming and advocate for policies and practices
which will decrease the global warming process. This article has provided a brief overview of global
warming and climate changes, discussed effects of climate change on health, considered the factors which
contribute to climate changes, and reviewed individual and collective efforts related to reducing global
warming. It is hoped that this article will assist nurses and other health care providers decrease the
negative effects of global warming and thus improve the health of all people who live on the planet called
Earth.