PROFILING THE PHILIPPINE

ADMINISTRATIVE SYSTEM
Reporter: AMOS GACO
ARAMBURO

Introduction
PHILIPPINES:

a democratic state under a Republican

system

- All powers of the government emanate from the

people.
- The President who is the head of the
government, and concurrently the head of State,
is elected directly by the people for a term of six
(6) years.
- The Vice-President, assist the President in his
executive functions to implement the law
faithfully, who is also elected directly by the
people for a term of six (6) years.

Introduction
PHILIPPINES:

operates under a representative

government

- A republican character.
- The powers of the government re exercised by
public officials elected by the electoral body
- The 1987 Constitution vested the power of
government on the
- Legislative
- Executive
- Judiciary

Introduction
The

Philippine government embraces

the rule of separation of powers
among the three branches of
government.
The 1987 Constitution provides a
mechanism of check and balance to
prevent abuses and unbridled
discretion of a branch of government

Philippine Government
Organizational Chart

3 Branches of
Government
1. The Legislative
Branch
2. The Executive
Branch
3. The Judiciary

The Legislative Branch

Art

VI, Sec.1: The legislative power

shall be vested in the Congress of
the Philippines which shall consist of
a Senate, and a House of
representative and referendum.
The structure is bicameral:
The Senate, composed of 24 senators
The House of Representatives shall be

composed of not more than 250

members
-elected from legislative districts:

The Legislative Branch

Senators,

elected at large for (6)

years term of office and can be
reelected.
Representatives, elected by districts
or through a party-list system for a
term of three (3) years with a
maximum tenure of not more than
three (3) consecutive terms.
Party-list representatives, constitute
20% of the total number of
Representatives including those

The Executive Branch

Art,

VII, Sec. 1: The executive power

shall be vested in the President of
the Philippines.
The President, elected at large with a
Consists
of the
President,
Vice-President,
term of six
years
in office,
without
26
cabinet secretariat and equivalent
reelection.
ranks in specialized agencies, the
national bureaucracy and the military, of
which the President is Commander in
Chief.

The Judiciary
Art VIII, Sec. 1: the Judicial Power shall be
vested in one Supreme Court and in such
lower court as may be established by law.
The Judicial Branch consists of the Supreme
Court, the Court of Appeals, Regional Trial
Courts and other special courts (i.e. juvenile,
family or sharing courts).
Judicial power include the duty of the courts
of justice to settle actual controversies
involving rights which are legally demandable
and enforceable, and to determine whether
or not there has been grave abuse of
discretion amounting to lack or excess of

Local Government Structure

Executive, Legislative Council, and

Local Special Bodies among LGUs
Subdivision Executive

Legislative
Council

Province

Governor

City

Mayor

Sangguniang
Panlalawigan
Sangguniang
Panlungsod

Municipality

Mayor

Sangguniang
Bayan

Barangay

Punong
Barangay

Sangguniang
Barangay

Local
Special
Bodies
Provincial
Board
City Boards,
Council, and
Communities
Municipal
Boards,
Councils, and
Committees
Barangay
Developmen
t Council

Constitutional
Commissions

Constitutional
Commissions

Independent Constitutional
Commissions
Civil

Service Commission (CSC)

Commission on Elections (COMELEC)
Commission on Audit (COA)
Their integrity is protected by the fact that they are:
Constitutionally created
Have independent powers of appointment
Each commission may promulgate its own procedural rules
Have fiscal autonomy
Salaries may not be diminished during their office
Commissioners have a fixed term
Commissioners are removable by impeachment only.

Civil Service Commission

Civil

Service, refers to the body of employee in any

government agency including all employees of the
government in general.
Embraces all branches, subdivisions,
instrumentalities, agencies of the government
including GOCCs with original charters.
Composed of a Chairman and two Commissioners
who shall be natural-born citizens of the Philippines
and, at the time of their appointment, at least thirtyfive years of age, with proven capacity for public
administration, and must not have been candidates
for any elective position in the elections immediately
preceding their appointment.

Civil Service Commission:

FUNCTIONS
The

central personnel agency of the

Government, shall establish a career service
and adopt measures to promote morale,
efficiency, integrity, responsiveness,
progressiveness, and courtesy in the civil
service.
It shall strengthen the merit and rewards
system, integrate all human resources
development programs for all levels and
ranks, and institutionalize a management
climate conducive to public accountability.

Commission on Elections
Composed

of a Chairman and six

Commissioners who shall be natural-born
citizens of the Philippines and, at the time of
their appointment, at least thirty-five years
of age, holders of a college degree, and
must not have been candidates for any
elective positions in the immediately
preceding elections. However, majority
thereof, including the Chairman, shall have
been engaged in the practice of law for at
least ten years.

Commission on Elections:
POWERS
Enforce

and administer all laws and

regulations relative to the conduct of
an election, plebiscite, initiative,
referendum, and recall
Exercise exclusive original
jurisdiction over all contests relating
to the elections, returns, and
qualifications of all elective regional,
provincial, and city official

Commission on Audit
Composed

of a Chairman and two Commissioners

who shall be natural-born citizens of the
Philippines and, at the time of their appointment,
at least thirty-five years of age, Certified Public
Accountants with not less than ten years of
auditing experience, or members of the Philippine
Bar who have been engaged in the practice of law
for at least ten years.
Must not have been candidates for any elective
position in the elections immediately preceding
their appointment. At no time shall all members
of the Commission belong to the same profession.

Commission on Audit:
POWERS
Shall

have the power, authority, and duty

to examine, audit, and settle all accounts
pertaining to the revenue and receipts of,
and expenditures or uses of funds and
property, owned or held in trust by, or
pertain to, the Government, or any of its
subdivisions, agencies, or instrumentalities
including government-owned or controlled
corporations with original charters, and on
a post-audit basis

Civil Service Commission:

FUNCTIONS
The

central personnel agency of the

Government, shall establish a career service
and adopt measures to promote morale,
efficiency, integrity, responsiveness,
progressiveness, and courtesy in the civil
service.
It shall strengthen the merit and rewards
system, integrate all human resources
development programs for all levels and
ranks, and institutionalize a management
climate conducive to public accountability.

POLITICAL, FISCAL, AND

ADMINISTRATIVE AUTONOMY
Political

autonomyone's decisions
respected, honored, and heeded within
apoliticalcontext.
Fiscal autonomy, is intended as a
guarantee of separation of powers and
independence from political agencies.
The units that have been given fiscal
autonomy are the constitutional
commissions, the ombudsman, and the
judiciary.

TRENDS AND
DEVELOPMENTAL EFFORTS
Bureaucratic reforms
Encouraging participatory

governance
Promoting work ethics in the
administration
Enhancing the capacity and
quality of human life

ADMINISTRATIVE
SYSTEM

ADMINISTRATIVE
SYSTEM

Refers to a network of organizations with specific rules

and goals, structures, resources and programs. It
includes the internal processes of and the interaction
between and among public organizations, which are
constituted to implement, help, formulate, monitor, or
asses public policies.
Empowers people:
Institutionalizes access to services
Decentralizes and makes operations transparent
Listens ands works with people
Procedures should be made simple and local
language should be used.

QUASI-JUDICIAL BODIES
An entity such as an arbitrator, tribunal board,
generally of a public administrative agency,
which has powers and procedures resembling
those of a court of law or judge, and which is
obliged to objectively determine facts and draw
conclusions from the so as to provide the basis
of an official action. Such action are able to
remedy a situation or impose legal penalties,
and may affect the legal rights, duties, or
privileges of specific parties.
Examples: The Ombudsman, Commission on
Elections, Human Rights Commission, Civil

CIVIL SERVICE CAREER

The premised on merits and fitness that the way to

enter the organization is through a competitive
examination both for professional and sub-professional
eligibility.
The examination may be taken either the traditional
way (testing centers) or through a computer-assisted
test system that allows for instantaneous results.
Skilled applicants for skill position have to take trade of
test with the Technical Education and Skills
Development Authority (TESDA).
Exempted:
Policy determiners (political appointees)
Highly technical (scientists or professors)
Primarily confidential (secretaries and drivers)

TENURE AND CIVIL SERVICE

CATEGORY

A civil servant shall enjoy tenurial security until retirement (65

years of age) unless one is separated for just cause.
NO officer or employees of the Civil Service shall be removed or
suspended except for cause provided by law.
Levels of position:
First Level position : Manual, Clerical, and Custodial or Trade
and Craft Groups
Second Level position: technical and professional group who
have finished college with certain specialization enjoying salary
grades between 11 and 24.
Third Level position: the executive class, forms the
governments managerial corps and occupies salary grades
between 25 and 33. the President , being the highest offer in
the civil bureaucracy, enjoys the top salary grade of 33.
The Department of Budget and Management (DBM) updates the
positions and salary of all positions in the government: At the
earliest possible time, the Government shall increase the salary

SYSTEM OF PROMOTION
To boost the morale of the civil servant, the
Congress maintains salary standardization
among the government employees: Congress
shall provide for the standardization of
compensation of government officials and
employees, including those in the Government
Owned or Controlled Corporations with original
charters, taken into account the nature of the
responsibilities pertaining to and the
qualifications required for, their positions
Promotions requires high qualifications and
better performance records.

CIVIL SERVICE MOVEMENT

AND RETIREMENT

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT PROGRAMS

Subsidized education for scholars
Continuing trainings and workshops for more

specialized need
Familiarity of technological innovations in
telecommunications
Transfer of technological skills
Service orientation
Political civil values formation

HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT

INTERVENTIONS
Enrichment and counseling

CIVIL SERVICE MOVEMENT

AND RETIREMENT
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT
INTERVENTIONS
Enrichment and counseling
HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPMENT FUNDING
RESOURCE
Government Service Insurance System
(GSIS),mandatory funding towards retirement
and pension payments
Government employees, get pensions of up to
20% of their highest monthly salary received
while employed
Pension benefits commenced and enjoyed by

GOOD GOVERNACE
Basic
Areas of Action
Elements
Accountabilit Public Sector Management, Public
y
Enterprise
Management, Public Financial
Management,
Civil Service Reform
Participation Participation of beneficiaries and
affected
groups, Interface between government
and
private sector, decentralization of public
and
service delivery functions
(empowerment of

GOOD GOVERNANCE

KEY AREAS OF PUBLIC

ADMINISTRATION

CHALLENGES TOWARDS
GLOBALIZATION ERA
Globalization

permeates a holistic interdependence

approach to development cooperation among nationstates in the international community.
In a dynamic and turbulent environment where social,
economic and political problems mount and the
demands of society increase faster than the capacity
of available resources to provide for, government,
especially the administrative organization for carrying
out policies and implement projects and programs, is
called upon to adopt appropriate mechanisms to cope
with this concerns. The bureaucracy is faced with
crucial issues and challenges.

CHALLENGES TOWARDS
GLOBALIZATION ERA

Principles of administration are universal but their

applicability and relevance may yet be conditioned by
the physical and social environment.
Technology aims at making life more convenient and
improving the quality of life by introducing new methods
and approaches to service delivery.
The management of the economy, for example, may
require new perspectives especially with the advent of
the debt problem, borrowing and repayment schemes.
A development-oriented public administration has to
consider as major concerns, productivity, efficiency,
effectiveness, accountability, budgetary deficits and
unstable economy, among others.
It must address the problems of poverty, ecology, social
justice, inequality, and disproportionate distribution of
the goods of society.

THANK
YOU