NATIONAL HEROES OF

INDONESIA
Tan Malaka

Presented by :
Deby Oktavia M.P (14808141004)
Laksita Nirmalasari ( 14808141005)
Mutiara Istiqomah (14808141025)

Biography
Tan Malaka's full name was Ibrahim Gelar
Datuk Sutan Malaka. His given name was
Ibrahim, while Tan Malaka was a semi-aristocrat
name which came from his maternal line.
He was born in Nagari Pandan Gadang, Suliki,
Limapuluh Koto, West Sumatra, 2 June 1897.
His parents were HM. Rasad, an agricultural
employee, and Rangkayo Sinah, a daughter of a
respected person in the village.

Love Story
Until the end of his life, Tan Malaka never get married. But he
admitted to three times in love, which is in the Netherlands ,
the Philipines, and Indonesia.
In the netherlands, Tan Malaka reportedly had a relationship
with a Dutch girl named Fenny Struyvenberg.
While in the Philipines, there was a girl named Carmen. She
was a daughter of former rebels in the Philipines and the
rector of the University of Manila.
When he was in Indonesia, Tan Malaka fall in love with
Syarifah Nawawi who the only female student in his school.
The reason Tan Malaka never get married, because he was too
concern with the struggle for Indonesian Independence.

Education
As a child Malaka studied religious knowledge and
trained pencak silat.
In 1908 Malaka attended
Kweekschool, a state teacher's school, at Fort de Kock.
According to his teacher, G. H. Horensma, although
Malaka was sometimes disobedient, he was an excellent
student. At this school, Malaka enjoyed his Dutch language
lessons, so Horensma suggested that he become a Dutch
teacher. He also was a skilled football player. He graduated
from that school in 1913 and was offered a datuk title and a
fiance. However, he only accepted the title. He received
the title after a traditional ceremony in 1913.

Education in the Netherlands 19131919

Although Malaka became a datuk, he left his village in October
1913 to study at Rijkskweekschool, a government teacher
education school which was funded by engkus of his village.
During his time in Europe, his knowledge about revolution as a
mean to transformation of society started to increase.
After the Russian Revolution of October 1917, Malaka
increasingly became more and more interested in communism
and socialism and communism contra reformist socialism.
Malaka was also interested in Sociaal-Democratische
Onderwijzers Vereeniging (Association of Democrat Social
Teachers)

Teaching Experience
After graduating, Malaka returned to his village.
He accepted an offering by Dr. C. W. Janssen to
teach the children of tea plantation coolies at
Sanembah, Tanjung Morawa, Deli, East Sumatra.
Malaka went there in December 1919 and began
teaching the children Malay in January 1920. In
addition to teaching, he also produced subversive
propaganda for the coolies, known as Deli Spoor.
In the Volksraad's 1920 election he was a leftist
party candidate.

Struggle
Malaka arrived at Yogyakarta in early March 1921 and stayed at a
house belonging to Sutopo, a former leader of Budi Utomo.
He participated in Sarekat Islam's 5th congress and met H.O.S.
Tjokroaminoto, Agus Salim, Darsono, and Semaun.
After the congress Malaka was asked by Semaun to go to Semarang
to join PKI. He went to Semarang and then accepted it.
In June 1921 Malaka became the chairman of Serikat Pegawai
Pertjitakan (Printing Workers Association) and served as the vice
chairman and treasurer of Serikat Pegawai Pelikan Hindia (SPPH
or Indies Oils Workers Association).
In June he was one of the leaders of Revolutionaire Vakcentrale,
and in August he was elected to the editorial board of SPPH's
journal Soeara Tambang.

 Malaka then replaced Semaun, who left the Dutch East

Indies in October, as the chairman of PKI after a
congress on 2425 December 1921 in Semarang.
Whilst Semaun was more cautious, Malaka was more
radical.
The Dutch East Indies' government felt threatened and
arrested Malaka on 13 February 1922 in Bandung
when he visited the branch school. He was first exiled
to Kupang; however, he wanted to be exiled to the
Netherlands. He left the Dutch East Indies in March
and arrived in the Netherlands on 1 May.

The Later Life and Death

With Djamaludin Tamin and Subakat, established Partai Republik
Indonesia (PARI) in early June 1927, distancing himself from the Comintern
as well as, in the new party's manifesto, criticizing the PKI.
Upon his release, he spent late 1948 in Yogyakarta, working to form a new
political party, called the Partai Murba (Proletarian Party), but was unable
to repeat his previous success at attracting a following.
On the 19th, TNI captured Tan Malaka in Blimbing. On 20 February, the
infamous Dutch Korps Speciale Troepen (KST) happened to start the socalled "operation Tiger" from the East Javanese town of Nganjuk. They
advanced quickly and brutally. Poeze describes in detail how the TNI
soldiers fled into the mountains and how Tan Malaka, already injured,
walked into a TNI-post and was promptly executed on 21 February 1949.
Malaka was fatally shot at the foothills of Mount Wilis, Selopanggung, Kediri
Regency after an arrest and detention in Patje village. According to Poeze,
the shot was ordered by Second Lieutenant Sukotjo of Sikatan battalion,
Brawijaya division. No report was made and Malaka was buried in the
woods.

THANK YOU