2.

1 TOLERANCE,LIMITS
AND FITS
BY: - KHAIRUL
- AMIR

- HAZWAN
- FAHMI

- EDDIN

TOLERANCE

Total amount that a specific dimension is permitted to vary

before
its considered UNACCEPTABLE

It is the difference between the max and min limits for the
dimension

Example:

TYPES OF TOLERANCES

UNILATERAL TOLERANCE
-variation from the specified is permitted in only one direction
(+ve or ve)

BILATERAL TOLERANCE
-variation permitted in both positive and negative direction from
the nominal dimension

LIMIT DIMENSIONS
-maximum and minimum size a part can be and still be functional
part

IMPORTANCE OF TOLERANCE

Variation in properties of the material being machined introduce

errors

The production machines themselves may have some inherent

inaccuracies

It is hard for an operator to make perfect settings of tools and

workpiece on the machine (error might occur)

LIMITS

The extremes of size which are allowed for tolerance dimension

Two limits are possible:

-upper limit of size
-lower limit of size

MAX MATERIAL LIMIT (MML)

-upper(max) limit for an external feature (shaft)
-lower(min) limit for internal feature (hole)

LEAST MATERIAL LIMIT

-lower(min) limit for an external feature (shaft)
-upper(max) limit for an internal feature (hole)

ALLOWANCE

The difference between the dimensions of two mating part (hole

and shaft) for any type of fit.

It is intentional difference between the lower limit of the hole and

higher limit of the shaft

FITS

The relationship that exists between two mating parts, a hole and
shaft with respect to their dimensional difference before
assembly

It is range of looseness and tightness in mating

3 type of fits :
-Clearance Fit
-Transition Fit
-Interference Fit

TYPE OF FITS

Clearance Fit
-shaft is always smaller than the hole
-a positive allowance exists between the largest possible shaft
and smallest possible hole
-MINIMUM CLEARANCE: Difference between the max size of shaft
and min size of hole
-MAXIMUM CLEARANCE: Difference between the min size of shaft
and max size of hole

Transition Fit
-Also called as sliding fit. Occur when the resulting due to
variation in size of components due to their tolerance
-the tolerance zones of shaft and hole overlap

Interference Fit
-also called as Press/Force fit, in this fit shaft is always larger than
the hole.
-MINIMUM INTERFERENCE : difference between the max size of
hole and min size of shaft prior to assembly.

-MAXIMUM INTERFERENCE : difference between the min size of

the hole and the max size of shaft.