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Differential amplifiers
Cancellation of common mode signals
including clock feed-through
Cancellation of even-order harmonics
Increased signal swing
Symbol:
peak-to-peak
output voltage
2OCMR
Differential-Output, FoldedCascode
I2
Vo1
Vin
Vbb=VbbQ+
Vin=VinQ
Vbb=VbbQ
Vo2
I1
Vo1Q
Vin=VinQ+Vin
Vo1
actual Q point
M2 is in triode
If Vo VOCM I y i.e. V yy
Vxx
Ix
If Vo VOCM I y i.e. V yy
Vo
VOCM
Vin
Ix(Vo)
Iy(Vo)
Vyy
Iy
Vo
Vo+
CM
Vo-
vb
measurement
CMFB
Voc
VoCM
+
desired
common mode
voltage
Vo+
CM
Vo-
vb
measurement
CMFB
Voc
VoCM
+
example
Vb2
CC
Vi+
ViVCMFB
CC
Vo+
Vo-
Vb1
VCMFB
Voc
+
Vo+
Vo-
Example
Voc
VoCM
VDD
M7A
75/3
150/3 M2A
150/3 M2B
BIAS4
75/3
M3B
BIAS3
300/2.25
300/2.25
75/2.25
BIAS2
BIAS1
M13B
M3A
averagerOUT-
OUT+
M1A
20K
Source
M12B
M12A
1000/2.25
1000/2.25
follower
M1B
200/2.25
M10
CL=4pF
200/2.25
20K
300/2.25
IN+
M11
150/2.25
M8
150/2.25
M13A
300/2.25
INM6AB
75/2.25
300/3
1.5pF 1.5pF
M7B
M6C
300/3
4pF
M5
M9A
50/2.25
M9B
50/2.25
M4A
50/2.25
M4B
50/2.25
VSS
Vo+
R1
R2
Vo-
Vo Vo
, if R1 R2
2
Prob : resistive loading effect.
use R1 , R2 very large
- difficult to achieve
- especially when Vo is
at an cascoded node
Vo+
Vi+
R1
R1
Vo-
Vi-
VoR1
R1
Simple implementation:
source follower
Vo+
Vo.c.
Vo-
Why not:
Vo+
Vo.c.
Vo-
C1
C2
Vo Vo
, if C1 C 2
2
Prob : at high freq.
A C diff short
Vo-
VoCM.
VoCM.
Vo.c.
Vo.c.d.
Vo.c.
Vo.c.d.
VC.M.F.B.
VC.M.F.B.
Another implementation
Use triode transistors to provide isolation
& z(s) simultaneously.
M1, M2 in deep triode.
VGS1, VGS2>>VT
Voc
Vo+
VoM1
can be a c.s.
M2
In that case, circuit above M1,
M2 needs to ensure that M1, M2
are in triode.
Vo Vo
2
Example:
Input state
Vo-
Vb
M1
M2
Vo+
If Vo , Vo
Vo-
Vo+
Voc
VG1 ,VG 2
Vb1
Vb2
VX
M1 M2
RM 1 , RM 2
V X ( I const )
but V X to Vo , Vo
is cascoded C.G.
Vo ,Vo
Vo++ Vo2
VoCM.
VCMFB
Vo Vo
VCMFB
2
gain can be large
Vo+
Vo-
IB
M3
Vo+
M1
-i
M4
IB
M2
-i
Vo-
+i
+i
+i
VCM
M5
+i
VCMFB
i=0
2i
-i
-i
Vo
i g m1
2
1
VCMFB
2i
g m5
k Vo
g m1 g m 2 g m3 g m 4
g m1
k
g m5
IB
M3
Vo+
-i
M1
VCM
M4
IB
Vo-
M2
+i
+i
M5
-i
VCMFB
i=0
2i
i7 M7
+
-2i
M6
-2i
1
gm6
To increase gain :
VG 7
1
2i
g m6
i7 VG 7 g m 7
g m7
2i
g m6
g m7
i5 2i 1
g m6
VCMFB
g m1
g m7
1
Vo
g m5
g m6
CC
Vi+
ViVCMFB
CC
Vo+
Vo-
Vb1
VCMFB
Voc
+
Vo+
Vo-
Vo Vo
2
-gm5vro2
-gm5vro2gm6
Vo
gm5v
v
Poles: p1
p2
z1 same as before
Aocmc
g m5 g m6
g ds 2 g ds 6 g ds 7
VDD
M7A
75/3
150/3 M2A
150/3 M2B
BIAS4
75/3
M3B
BIAS3
300/2.25
300/2.25
75/2.25
BIAS2
BIAS1
M13B
M3A
averagerOUT-
OUT+
M1A
20K
Source
M12B
M12A
1000/2.25
1000/2.25
follower
M1B
200/2.25
M10
CL=4pF
200/2.25
20K
300/2.25
IN+
M11
150/2.25
M8
150/2.25
M13A
300/2.25
INM6AB
75/2.25
300/3
1.5pF 1.5pF
M7B
M6C
300/3
4pF
M5
M9A
50/2.25
M9B
50/2.25
M4A
50/2.25
M4B
50/2.25
VSS
Vo+
VoCM
VoVCMFB
VDD=+1.65V
M11
M12
M3
M4
Vo1
M26
Vo2
M21
M1C
M22
M23
M2C
IDC=100A
VCM
Vi1
M14
M27
M13
M1
M51
M2
M52
-VSS=-1.65V
Vi2
M25
M24
M4
Vo+
Vo-
M1
IB
CM
Voc
detect
M2
VoCM
M6
M7
M5
IB
VDD VSS
desired Q : I 3 I1 , VoCM
4
2
If Vo Vo by Vo , Voc by Vo
i1 , i2 by Vo g m 6
(equivalent to VG1 , VG 2 by Vo )