Applications of DSP

Telecommunication Applications
Audio Applications
Biomedical Appliactions

Biomedical Applications
Digital Signal Processing techniques are used in the
biomedical field for monitoring, diagnosis process and
analysis of abnormalities in the body.
Many applications of DSP in biomedicine involve signal
enhancement and the extraction of features of clinical
interest.
The need for signal enhancement arises from the
problems of artefacts or signal contamination which is
very common in medicine.

Major Applications
Removal of Artefacts
Electrocardiogram (ECG)
Electroencephalogram (EEG)
Phonocardiogram (PCG)
Speech Processing

1. Removal Of Artefacts
As almost all bio signals are extremely week in nature and often
buried in noise; so removal of artefacts is a very important in
biomedical.
Different noises like random noise, power line, physiological
interfaces affect the quality of a bio signal.
To remove these noises a proper filter must be used depending on
type of the bio signals.
Different Signal types are:
1. Time Domain Filters
2. Frequency Domain Filters
3. Optimal Filter
4. Adaptive Filters

2.Electrocardiogram (ECG)
ECG is a technique to determine the heartbeat of a
human in order to diagnose blood pressure.
DSP plays a very important role in exactrction of ECG
extraction.

Extraction of Foetal ECG by Adaptive

Cancellation of Maternal ECG
During labour it is very important to have knowledge of
pulse rate of Foetus in order to successful delivery.
In this case ECG of the foetus is considered, but this
cannot be obtained directly.
The maternal ECG is taken at two places of body one at
chest and another at abdomen.
The ECG taken from chest is mothers heartbeat while
the one taken from abdomen is the foetuss.

 The maternal cardiac vector is projected by

individual electrodes.
Hence the characteristics of maternal ECG from the
abdominal leads would be different from the
obtained from chest electrodes.
The maternal ECG obtained from chest is given to
adaptive filter as reference.
Like adult ECG,normal foetal ECG is characterised by
five peaks and valleys labelled with successive
letters of alphabets P,Q,R,S and T.
The ECG is said to consist of P wave,QRS complex
and T wave.

Maternal
ECG (Chest)

Signal
Conditioning
and Digitising

Maternal
ECG
(Abdomen)
General block diagram for
Electrocardiogram

Display
Unit

Optical
Storage

 A QRS algorithm is employed to get the foetal heart rate from the R to R intervals.

Bandpas
s FIR
Digital
Filter

x(n)
x(n-1)
X(n-2)
.
.
.
X[n-(N1)]

Similarity
or
pattern
matching

QRS
Template

Threshold

3.Speech Processing
A speech signal consists of periodic sounds mixed together
with burst of wideband noise and some short noises.
Main Voice Processing
1.Speech Encoding: Deals with techniques that exploits the
redundancy to reduce number of bits. E.g. Voicemail
2.Speech Synthesis: Required where text to speech
conversion is possible. E.g. Reading machine for visually
challenged.
3.Speech Recognition: It involves both the speaker and
speech. E.g. Security Systems.