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HEALTH :
A state of complete physical, mental and social well-being
and not merely the absence of disease or infirmity
(WHO, 1948)
ENVIRONMENT:
All which is external to the individual human host.
It can be divided into physical, biological, social, cultural,
any or all which can influence health status in populations
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
Health
Status
External:
Environment
Industrial
Hospital
Management/
Regulations
etc.
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
Agents:
Physical
Chemical
Biological
Ergonomic
Stress
etc.
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
Aktifitas manusia/sosekbud
sehat
Lingkungan fisik &
kimiawi
Lingkungan
biologi
Natural sources
Anthropogenic
Biological hazards
Chemical hazards
Physical hazards
Mechanical hazards
Psychosocial hazards
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
individu
keluarga
Indikator:
Tingkat kesehatan masyarakat
Pelayanan kesehatan masyarakat
Hygiene dan sanitasi lingkungan
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
Traditional Hazards:
=====> Communicable disease
Disease vectors
Infectious agents
Inadequate housing and shelter
Poor-quality drinking water and sanitation
Indoor air pollution from cooking
Dietary deficiencies
Hazards of child birth
Wildlife and domestic animals
Injury hazards in agriculture
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
Modern Hazards :
=====> non communicable disease
Tobacco smoking
Transport hazards
Pollution from sewage and industry
Outdoor air pollution from industry and motorcars
Overuse or misuse of chemicals
Industrial machinery
Hospital-related hazards
Unbalanced diet
Drs.Bambang Wispriyo
Padat Teknologi
Padat Karya
Rumah Sakit
Padat Modal
Padat Masalah
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Histori:
Tahun 1972: Konferensi internasional PBB mengenai
Human Environment di Stockholm, Swedia (Deklarai Stockholm)
Tahun 1982: SMU-PBB, World Charter for Nature
(Deklarasi Nairobi)
Tahun 1992: KTT Bumi di Rio de Janeiro, Brazil
(Deklarasi Rio, Agenda 21, biodiversity, konvensi perubahan iklim)
Tahun 2002: World Summit on Sustainable Development,
di Johannesburg, Afrika Selatan
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Kualitas Lingkungan
Wispriyo
Hidup
Positif
Negatif
Amdal
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Sumber dampak
Indikator dampak
Komponen terkena dampak
Metode pemantauan
Lokasi pemantauan
Pelaksana
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