OFDM(A) Competence Development part III

Per Hjalmar Lehne, Frode Bhagen, Telenor R&I

R&I seminar, 23 January 2008, Fornebu, Norway
Per-hjalmar.lehne@telenor.com
Frode.bohagen@telenor.com

Outline

Part I: What is OFDM?

Part II: Introducing multiple access: OFDMA, SC-FDMA

Part III: Wireless standards based on OFDMA

Part IV: Radio planning of OFDMA

OFDM Competence Development

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Wireless standards

Mobile WiMAX
3GPP Evolved UTRA

Other standards which use

OFDM / OFDMA:

Basic OFDMA parameters

Resource mappings and

scheduling
Multi-antenna support

Comparison

3GPP2 Ultra Mobile Broadband

(UMB)
WLAN, 802.11a, .11g, .11n
Terrestrial Digital Broadcast:
DVB-T, DVB-H

OFDM Competence Development

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Mobile WiMAX R1 IEEE 802.16e

Based on the air-interface of IEEE 802.16e-2005

Adopted by ITU-R as member of the IMT-2000 family at RA-07

as OFDMA TDD WMAN
WiMAX Release 1 ready since 2006
Scalable OFDMA. Bandwidth support: 5, 7, 8.75 and 10 MHz
Multi-antenna support (MIMO)
Expected peak data rates:

Amendment to Fixed WiMAX IEEE 802.16-2004

72 Mb/s combined (TDD UL+DL); BW = 10 MHz, MIMO 2x2

First working products in 2008

OFDM Competence Development

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Basic parameters for Mobile WiMAX

Supported system
bandwidths [MHz]

1.25

10

20

8.75

Sub-carrier frequency
spacing, f [kHz]

10.94

7.81

9.77

Useful symbol time, TU

[s]

91.4

128.0

102.4

Cyclic prefix/Guard time,

TCP [s]

11.4

16.0

12.8

Guard time overhead,

TCP/(TCP+TU) [%]

11.1

Sampling frequency, fs
[MHz]

1.4

5.6

11.2

22.4

8.0

10.0

FFT size, NFFT

128

512

1024

2048

1024

1024

360/27
2

720/56
0

Occ. Sub-carriers (PUSC)

Resource mapping
Duplex methods
Modulation schemes
Coding schemes

Multi-antenna support

Distributed or contiguous
TDD only
QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM - adaptive
1/2, 2/3, 3/4, 5/6 rate convolutional code
OFDM Competence
Development
1/2, 2/3, 3/4,
5/6 rate
convolutional turbo code
23
Jan
2008
x2, x4, x6 repetition
code
Yes

Resource mapping for Mobile WiMAX

Diversity permutations (Distributed mappings):

DL-FUSC Fully Used Sub-Carrier
DL-PUSC, UL-PUSC Partially Used Sub-Carrier
DL-TUSC Tile Usage of Subcarriers

Contiguous permutation (Localized mapping):

Band AMC Adaptive Modulation and Coding

OFDM Competence Development

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Mobile WiMAX DL PUSC

Downlink Partially Used Sub-Carriers

Clusters of 14 contiguous SCs and two symbol intervals

Re-arranged to 6 groups
Permutation within each group to form sub-channels with 28 subcarriers (24 data + 8
pilot)

Obtains diversity gain over the whole bandwidth

OFDM Competence Development

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Mobile WiMAX DL PUSC - explored

Frequency
P
P

P
P

Cluster: 14 SC x 2 symbols
30 clusters/420 SCs

Physical mapping

Cluster renumbering
Major group: 10 clusters/120 data SCs

Logical mapping

Sub-carrier mapping

Logical sub-channel/24 data SCs from a group

DL-PUSC, NFFT = 512

OFDM Competence Development
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Mobile WiMAX UL PUSC

Uplink Partially Used Sub-Carrier

Tiles of 4 contiguous SCs and 3 symbol intervals

Re-arranged to 6 groups
Permutation within each group to form sub-channels with 28 subcarriers
(24 data + 8 pilot)

OFDM Competence Development

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Mobile WiMAX frame structure

Mobile WiMAX currently supports Time Division Duplex (TDD)

802.16e also supports Frequency Division Duplex (FDD), Full- and halfduplex operation

All permutation schemes can be supported in each frame

DL PUSC is mandatory in first zone

AMC

PUSC

(Guard interval)

TUSC

AMC

PUSC

FUSC

PUSC

(FCH, MAP)

Preamble

DL

UL

Frame length: 48 OFDMA symbols/5 ms

OFDM Competence Development
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3GPP Evolved UTRA LTE

Long Term Evolution (LTE). 4G technology from 3GPP.

Standard more or less finalized in 2007
Scalable OFDMA. Bandwidth support from 1.4 20 MHz
SC-FDMA on the uplink
Multi-antenna support (MIMO)
Expected data rate above 100 Mb/s DL, 50 Mb/s UL; BW
= 20 MHz, 2x2 MIMO
Pilot tests in 2007/8, first products in 2009/10

OFDM Competence Development

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Basic parameters for E-UTRA

Supported system
bandwidths [MHz]

1.4

1.6

3.2

(TDD
only)

10

15

20

(TDD
only)

Sub-carrier frequency
spacing, f [kHz]

15 (7.5)

Useful symbol time, TU

[s]

66.67 (133.33)

Cyclic prefix/Guard time,

TCP [s]

Normal CP: 5.21/4.69

Extended CP: 16.67

Guard time overhead,

TCP/(TCP+TU) [%]

Normal CP: 6.67

Extended CP: 20.0

Sampling frequency, fs
[MHz]

7.68

15.36

23.04

30.72

FFT-size, NFFT

512

1024

1536

2048

300

600

900

1200

Occ. subcarriers
Resource mapping
Duplex methods
Modulation schemes
Coding schemes
Multi-antenna support

72

84

180

192

Distributed or contiguous
FDD and TDD
QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, adaptive
1/3 rate tail-biting convolutional code
1/3 rate Turbo code
OFDM Competence Development

Yes

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Resource mapping for E-UTRA

Time-frequency resources are organised in Resource blocks

spanning 12 SC x 7 symbol intervals (180 kHz x 0.5 ms)
Diversity permutation is by mapping virtual resource blocks to
physical resource blocks
Uplink is always localized mapping using SC-FDMA

OFDM Competence Development

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E-UTRA frame structures

Frame structure type 1 (FDD)

OFDM Competence Development

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Multi-antenna support

Beamforming

Space-Time Coding (STC)

Baseline configuration: 2x2 (DL)

1x2 (UL)

Mobile WiMAX

Higher peak rates and increased throughput. Multiple streams are transmitted over
multiple antennas. The receiver must also have multiple antennas to separate the
different streams.

E-UTRA

Transmit diversity such as Alamouti coding to provide spatial diversity and reduce
fading margin

Spatial Multiplexing (SM) - MIMO

Multiple antennas are used to transmit or receive weighted signals to improve

coverage and capacity

Minimum requirements, Wave II: 2x2 (DL), 1x2 (UL)

Reference signal (pilot) positions

identify the different Tx antennas

OFDM Competence Development

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E-UTRA vs. Mobile WiMAX

Sub-carrier distance and useful

symbol time

Cyclic prefix/guard interval

Mobile WiMAX more robust to multipath

delays
Extended CP of E-UTRA an option for long
delays

Bandwidth support

E-UTRA more robust to Doppler

Basically same

Complexity

Similar

No clear winner when it comes to

performance on the physical layer

Migration and co-existence

E-UTRA is taylored to ease co-existence

with and migration from WCDMA/HSPA

OFDM Competence Development

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Mobile WiMAX R2 IEEE 802.16m

Completed Q4/07 ?
System profile R2 in 2008 ?
Bandwidth support: 5, 10, 20, 40 MHz
Peak data rates (requirements)
DL: > 350 Mb/s, 4x4 MIMO
UL: > 200 Mb/s, 2x4 MIMO

Average throughput per sector, BW = 20 MHz

DL: > 40 Mb/s
UL: > 12 Mb/s

Mobility support up to 350 km/h

OFDM Competence Development

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Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB)

Next generation mobile broadband access from 3GPP2

Bandwidths: 1.25 2.5 5 10 20 MHz

Number of subcarriers: 128, 256, 512, 1024, 2048 (FFT size)
Subcarrier spacing: 9.6 kHz
Useful symbol duraton: 104.17 s
Cyclic prefix duration: 6.51, 13.02, 19.53, or 26.04 s

Evolution from cdma2000 EV-DO Rev. C

Published September 2007

Windowing guard interval: 3.26 s

Modulation: QPSK, 8-PSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM, hierarchical

modulation

OFDM Competence Development

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Wi-Fi, IEEE 802.11

WLAN standards 802.11a, g and n uses OFDM

Multiple access is not OFDMA but CSMA (TDMA variant)

Channel bandwidth: 22 MHz

Number of subcarriers: 52
Subcarrier spacing: 312.5 kHz
Useful symbol length: 3.2 s
Guard interval (cyclic prefix): 0.8 s
Modulation: BPSK, QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM

OFDM Competence Development

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Digital Terrestrial Broadcast, DVB-T/-H

Broadcast technologies using OFDM

Channel bandwidths: 5, 6, 7, 8 MHz

Number of subcarriers (incl pilots):

224 s, 448 s, 896 s

Guard interval (Cyclic prefix):

4.464 kHz, 2.232 kHz, 1.116 kHz

Useful symbol length:

2K mode: 1705 (2048),

4K mode: 3409 (4096) - only DVB-H
8K mode: 6817 (8192)

Subcarrier spacing (8 MHz channel):

No multiple access!

1/32, 1/16, 1/8, 1/4 of useful symbol length:

Modulation: QPSK, 16-QAM, 64-QAM,

hierarchical modulation

1/32

1/16

1/8

1/4

2K

7 s

14 s

28 s

56 s

4K

14 s

28 s

56 s

112 s

8K

28 s

56 s

112 s

224 s

OFDM Competence Development

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Summary - standards

Major future mobile broadband standards employ OFDMA

Mobile WiMAX, E-UTRA, UMB

Bandwidths are scalable
Flexible multi-user access
Multiple antennas (MIMO) supported

OFDM transmission is employed in several wireless

standards
Fixed and nomadic wireless broadband: Wi-Fi, Fixed WiMAX
Digitial terrestrial broadcast: DVB-T, DVB-H

OFDM Competence Development

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