Pedagogy & Andragogy

Teacher & Student Oriented

Dirangkum oleh:
S. Amin Singgih
2016

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KEADAAN yg DITUJU
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KEADAAN SEKARANG
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Teacher Centred

Student Centred

Teacher

Presenter

Facilitator

Teaching

Transfer of
information

Helping students
to learn

Student

Passive
recipient

Active learner

Content

Defined by
curriculum

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Contructed by
students within
teachers framework

Dahulu + tahun 1972, istilah yang digunakan

untuk Tujuan Pendidikan ialah:

GIO : General Instructional Objective

(Tujuan Instruksional Umum = TIU)
SIO : Specific Instructional Objective
(Tujuan Instruksional Khusus = TIK)

Berorientasi pada Guru (Teacher-Oriented).

Digunakan pada pendidikan anak (SD
sampai dengan SMU) = Pedagogi

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Perkembangan selanjutnya + 1974 , istilah

yang digunakan untuk Tujuan Pendidikan
ialah:
GIO : General Instructional Objective
(Tujuan Instruksional Umum = TIU)

SBO : Specific Behavioral Objective

(Tujuan Perilaku Khusus = TPK)

Berorientasi pada peserta didik (Student-Oriented).

Digunakan pada pendidikan dewasa (Perguruan
Tinggi) = Andragogi
Sekarang: LEARNING OUTCOME (LO)
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Dalam
Kurikulum Berbasis Kompetensi
Kompetensi Utama
Kompetensi Pendukung
Kompetensi Lainnya
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Pedagogy & Andragogy

Pedagogy Greek
paid = child
agogus =leader of
Andragogy Greek
andra =Adult
related
agogus =leader of

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Who is an adult?
an individual who performs roles associated
by our culture with adults (worker, spouse,
parent, soldier, responsible citizen)
an individual who perceives himself or
herself to be responsible for his/her own life.

Wlodkowski and Knowles

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PEDAGOGY VS. ANDRAGOGY

Assumptions
about

Pedagogical
Approach

Andragogical Approach

Concept of the
learner

Dependent
personality

Increasingly self-directed
organism

Role of the
learners
experience

To be built on,
more than used

A rich resource for

learning

Orientation to
learning

Subject centered

Task or problem centered

Motivation

External rewards
and punishments

Internal incentives,
curiosity

Elements

Teacher-directed
learning

Self-directed learning

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PEDAGOGY VS. ANDRAGOGY

(continued)
Assumptions about

Pedagogical
Approach

Andragogical Approach

Climate

Formal authorityoriented,
competitive,
judgmental

Informal, mutually
respectful, consensual,
collaborative, supportive

Planning

Primarily by the
teacher

By participative decisionmaking

Diagnosis of needs

Primarily by the
teacher

By mutual assessment

Setting goals

Primarily by the
teacher

By mutual negotiation

Content units,
Designing a learning
course syllabus,
plan
logical sequence

Learning activities

Transmittal
techniques,
assigned readings

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Learning projects, learning

content, sequences in
terms of readiness
Inquiry projects,
independent study,
experiential techniques

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Contrast: pedagogy/andragogy

Teacher
Content-transmitter
Provider of content
Control Students
Content Planner
Presentation Skills

Facilitator
Process Manager
Resource
Release Students
Process Designer
Relationship Skills

I have never been tempted since to revert to the role of

teacher
Knowles 1981

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SAP : Satuan Acara Pembelajaran

Berorientasi pada Guru (Teacher-Oriented).

Rancangan Pengajaran (Instructional Design)

Rancangan Pembelajaran (Learning Design)
Berorientasi pada Peserta didik (Student-Oriented).

Antara lain berisi uraian

Deskripsi Topik setiap kali tatap muka:

mengapa topik tersebut
perlu dipelajari pembelajaran
kontekstual
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Pembelajaran Kontekstual
SUATU KONSEPSI

mengkaitkan materi / substansi Mata Ajar

dengan situasi dunia
membuat hubungan antara pengetahuan
dan penerapannya dalam kehidupan
sehari-hari

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1. What do we want the students to learn?

1. Apa yang kita inginkan agar dipelajari mahasiswa?

2. Why do we want them to learn it?

2. Mengapa kita inginkan agar dipelajari mahasiswa?

3. How we can help them to learn it?

3.

Bagaimana kita dapat membantu mereka untuk

mempelajarinya?

4. How do we know what they have learned?

4.

Bagaimana kita dapat mengetahui bahwa mereka

telah mempelajarinya?

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Metode Pembelajaran vs Retensi C P A

PASIF

AKTIF

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Pengantar
Diskusi Kelompok

The Learning
Pyramid
National
Training
Laboratories,
Bethel, ME

Diskusi Pleno

15
Rangkuman

Difference is the beginning of

synergy
Stop talking about the problem
and start thinking about the
solution
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A team is a group of people who

may not be equal in experience,
talent, or education but

in commitment

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mediocre teacher tells.

The good teacher explains.
The superior teacher demonstrates.
The

The great teacher inspire.

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Guru yang biasa, menceriterakan.

Guru yang baik, menjelaskan.

Guru yang super, mendemonstrasikan.

Guru yang hebat, menginspirasi.

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