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PERSONALITY IN DECISION

MAKING

Biological, subconscious and hereditary


forces
Common Traits and unique individuality
Holistic Approaches to Personality
Empirical perspectives on personality
Personality effects on Decision making

RISK ACCEPTANCE/AVOIDANCE

Empirical perspectives
A conceptual model of risk acceptance
and avoidance

PERCEPTION IN DECISION
MAKING
The perceptual process
Characteristics of the perceiver and the
perceive
Forming impressions of others
Stereotyping
Projection
Halo effect
Perceptual defense
Situational influence on perception
Empirical perspectives on perception

SUBCONCIOUS INFLUENCE ON
DECISION MAKING
Freudian influences
Id, ego, superego
Mind levels
Concious, subconcious and preconscious
Intuition
Effects on decision making

PSYCHOLOGICAL PARAMETERS
IN DECISION MAKING

Personality influences decision making


There is a human tendency to avoid
uncertainty and highly risky situations.
Perception pervades the entire process of
decision making
Preconscious and subconscious thoughts
invariably influence the decision
parameters.

Knowing oneself is the best way to


counter psychological parameters.
The psychology of decision making
militates for :
Judgmental strategy
Bounded rationality and
A satisfying outcome

THE SOCIOLOGY OF
DECISION MAKING

THEORIES OF GROUP BEHAVIOR

Homans: Systems theory


Blau: Social Integration
Kelman: Social Influence
Lewin: Group Dynamics
Bales: Interaction-process analysis
Jackson: Basis of group membership

GROUP NORMS AND


CONFORMITY

Norms sending
Norm enforcement
Group pressure to conform
Personal attributes may offset group
pressure.

GROUP STRUCTURE
Classifications of Groups
Formal, informal, membership
Reference, primary, secondary
Group membership
Primary set
Fringe status
Out status

GROUP STRUCTURE

Psychological
Marginal
Preferential
Alienative
Large Group Size
Decreased member interaction
Decreased personal relationship
Increased centralized leadership
Political rather than rational solutions

GROUP COMMUNICATION

Wheel Network
Chain Network
Circle Network
Completely connected network

CHARACTERISTICS OF
EFFECTIVE GROUP

Small size
Functional membership
Defined member goals
Consensual Orientation
Accepted Norms
Democratic Leadership
Cohesive membership

CHARACTERISTICS OF
GROUPTHINK

Belief in the groups morality


Stereotypic view of outsiders
Sense of vulnerability
Rationalized group judgments
Direct pressure on group members
Shared sense of unanimity
Mind guards to protect groupthink
syndrome and self-censorship

GROUP DECISION-MAKING
STRATEGIES

Dimensions
Group structure: organization of individual
members
Group roles: Decision making behavior of
members.
Group process : manner of proceeding
toward group objective
Group style: socio emotional tone of
interpersonal relationship among members
Group norms: standard of conduct among the
members.

GROUP DECISION MAKING


STRATEGIES
Strategy 1: Routine decision making
Specialization
individual expertise
Coordination
Professionalism
Strategy II Creative decision making
Participative problem solving
Non authoritarian, instructed environment

Strategy III: Negotiated decision making


Formalized and discipline representation
of constituencies
Context of established rules and
procedure

GROUP DECISIONNMAKING
PROFILES

Interaction groups
Nominal groups
Delphi groups

Group decision-making criteria


Quality acceptance
Originality
Situation characteristics
Availability of expertise
Span of decision acceptance
Conflict within the group
membership
Expert, representative, coworker

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