Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction
2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

why its necessary to know more

about partial discharges (pd)?

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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For avoiding outages of electrical power supply the measurement of pds seems to be necessary

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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pds can be an indicator for weak points into

the electrical insulation !

pd might be caused by
poor design of the insulation
failures during manufacturing or assembling
failures by electrical, thermal, mechanical,
overstress in operation
normal ageing or degradation processes
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

the pd- measurement as an important tool for

quality control is used not only in the electrical
power engineering, but more and more in other
application fields of electrical insulation

low voltage power devices

(motors, transformers, .. )
electronic devices

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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typical quality defects in MV- GIS

- particle on the insulators

-missing bolts or bad contacts
on conductor- connections
- free potential components
- microvoids into insulators
-

...

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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typical quality defects in power cables

protrusions on
conductive sheets

microvoids

cracks
(conductive, insulated)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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typical quality defects in power cables

water tree (wt)

wt + electrical tree
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
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typical quality defects in power cables

oil- paper cable
connectors

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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basic questions for pd measurement

how pds can be measured ?

principles
sensitivity
kind of failure (weak points) ?
identification
dangerousness
where pds (weak points) are
located ?
localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction

2 Historical overview

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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Historical overview

[G.C.Lichtenberg, 1777)]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
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Historical overview

detection of
failures on
overhead lines
and power
transformers
(B.Koske 1939)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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measurement principles

q F ( j ) F (0)

F ( j ) F{i (t )} i (t )e jt dt

1:Tp / T2 = 1 s / 5 s
2:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 50 ns
3:Tp / T2 = 5 ns / 20 ns

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

apparent charge q
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first devices

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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narrowband measuring devices

less disturbances
easy handling
no special experiences

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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broadband measuring devices

more information about

the pd- processes

more suszeptibly to noise, disturbances

special knowledge is requested

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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first devices

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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measurement principles

[IEC 60270]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
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real pd spectra

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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Standardized measuring circuit

[IEC 270, 60270]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

How dangerous are pds ?

Qkrit = ?

40
V
e
r
l
u
s
t
f
a
k
t
o
r
t
a
n

Is there any
correlation
between the
measured
charge and the
lifetime ?

80
kV/mm
60

50 Hz / 20 C

20
100

50 Hz / 20 C

10-1

10-2

10-3
10-3

10-2

10-1

100

101

moisture of paper w

more informations about the pd- processes

were necessary !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

[Izeki, Tatsuta, 1984]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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Aspects of partial discharge measurement

typical PRPP

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction

2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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digital measurement techniques

model

sensors

analysis,
recognition

2
data
acquisition

diagnosis
cbm,
service,

database

n
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

action

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risk
assessment

digital measurement techniques

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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statistical parameters of pds

[see also Gulski, 1991]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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digital measurement techniques

statistical data of typical pdsources stored in a database

diagnostic (expert) system

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

typical pd- reference -data -base
of available pd- systems

?
measured pd - pattern

product- specifical- pd- data

must be obtained !
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

high measuring sensitivity

high susceptibility to noise, disturbances,

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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Sources of electromagnetic disturbances

1 net connection
2, 11 power supply
3 hv- transformer
4 low pass filter
5 hv leads
6 coupling cap.
7 free potential obj.
8 stochastic disturb.
9 periodic disturb.
10 ground

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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suppression of disturbances

radio/HF- suppression
amplifyer

impuls- suppression

electronic integrator

processing

reflection- suppression

[Lemke, 1981]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

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suppression of disturbances

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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suppression of disturbances
screening of the testroom

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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suppression of disturbances

noise signals, caused by SFCgenerator, located in the same testroom

new methods for suppression of disturbances
are requested

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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localization of the pd- producing weak points ?

classical method (reflectrometry)

non electrical (classical) methods
(acoustical, optical, )
ultra- high- frequency method (UHF)
(electromagnetic field , combined with
acoustic measurement)
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

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(classical) principle of reflectrometry

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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methods of failure localization

in cable- joints -1
1
2

Richtkoppler

Impulsherkunft / -Nr.
Muffe / 1
Kabel links / 2
Kabel rechts / 3

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Richtkoppler

Signal an Kopplerausgang
A
B
C
D

X
X

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methods of failure localization

in cable- joints -2

Rogowskispule

Rogowskispule

Muffe

2
1

2
1 2 3 Originalimpulse
Impulse nach Durchlaufen
1 2 3 der Rogowskispulen
1 2 3 Impulse nach Durchlaufen
des Signal-Summierers

Signalsummierer

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

2 =0

3 =0

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Display

methods of failure localization

(classical acoustic method)

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction

2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

future trends
measuring sensitivity vs noise, disturbances
(digital procedures, neuronal networks)

interpretation of pd- parameter

(identifying, correlation to the lifetime)

localization of defects

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

on site testing
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spectral analyzing of pd

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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spectral analyzing of pd
pd source
zero span

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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digital de- noising

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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digital de- noising

[Kranz, 1996]
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

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identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

identification of pd sources

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

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multichannel pd measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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multichannel pd measurement

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

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dangerousness of pd

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

dangerousness of pd
for better understanding the
physical processes of damaging
or deterioration of insulation more/
other informations about the pdprocesses seem to be necessary
- upd
- wpd
-
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

new parameters of pd- processes

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

new parameters of pd- processes

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

new methods of failure localization

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

new methods of failure localization

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

new methods of failure localization

(combined UHF - acoustic method)
acoustic measurement will be triggered by
UHF- signal

[Markalous, 2006]

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Aspects of partial discharge measurement

1 Introduction

2 Historical overview
3 Digital measuring techniques
4 Future trends
5 Summary

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

summary

pd measurements are up to now an essential tool for quality testing of electrical insulation
and diagnostic purposes

progress in digital techniques makes it possible

getting more informations about pd`s at
increased sensitivity
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

summary

basic investigations of insulation materials for

finding a correlation between pd- parameters
and lifetime
increasing measuring sensitivity for diagnostic
measurements even under on- site conditions
(new methods of filtering, neuronal networks, ..)
using combined techniques for improved
localization
Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller
Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &

Thank you

Questions ?
& Answers !

Prof .Dr.-Ing.habil. Rainer Haller

Environmental Engineering

Electrical Power &