Seminar On

Braking System
STREAM: MECHANICAL
ENGINEERING

CONTENT

Necessity of braking system

Function of Brake
Hydraulic brake
Layout of hydraulic brake system
Working
Components
Master cylinder
Single master cylinder
Dual master cylinder
Bibliography

Necessity of braking
system

IN an automobile, if the pressure from

accelerator pedal is removed, the
vehicle tend to slow up due to wind
resistance, drag of engine and road
friction. These forces would stop the
vehicle but in present day traffic, this
would be quite dangerous. The braking
system provide added friction to
overcome motion and to slow up the
vehicle.

Function of Brake

Brake is used to stop vehicle with in a

reasonable distance.
It helps in controlling the speed of vehicle & to
reduce the speed at turnings & other crowded
places.
To hold the vehicle in its stationary position.

Hydraulic brake

Hydraulic brakes are based

on the PASCALS LAW (i.e.
if we apply pressure on a
liquid it will be same in
every direction). Brakes
operate on a simple
hydraulic principle. If a
force is exerted on the
piston putting pressure on
the fluid confined in the
left hand container, the
fluid is forced out through
the narrow tube at the
bottom and into the right
hand container, exerting a
force on the second piston,
forcing it to move upward.

Layout of hydraulic
bake system

Working of hydraulic
brake

When brake pedal is

pressed the working
fluid in the master
cylinder move towards
brake linings. these
brake linings are made
up of steel tubes. The
working fluid in wheel
cylinder forces both
piston towards outward.
these moving piston
forces the brake shoe
towards rotating drum
which retard the motion
of rotating drum & hence
brakes are applied.

components of
hydraulic brake
There are two main
components of the
H.B.S.

Master cylinder
Wheel cylinder

Master cylinder

The master cylinder is the heart of

the hydraulic system. It converts
the force exerted on the brake
pedal into hydraulic pressure that
applies the brakes. The master
cylinder is mainly of two types one
is single master cylinder and
another is the dual or tandem
master cylinder. Depressing the
brake pedal moves a push rod in
the master cylinder. Mounted on
the push rod, are a pair of pistons
(primary and secondary) in
tandem (one after the other) that
exert force against the fluid in the
master cylinder bore. This creates
pressure, which along with the
fluid thats displaced by the
pistons is routed through the
brake lines to each of the wheel
brakes.

WORKING OF THE
MASTER CYLINDER

when the brake pedal is pressed piston of the

master cylinder moves forward to force the
liquid under pressure into system. the liquid
pressure is conducted to the wheel cylinder,
where it forces the wheel cylinder piston
outward. these pistons forces the brake shoes
out against the brake drums & the brakes are
applied.
as soon as the brake pedal is released the
fluid in the brake tubes return back to the
master cylinder slowly & brakes are released.

Inside the master

cylinder

TYPES OF MASTER
CYLINDER
The master cylinder is mainly of
the following types:

Single master cylinder

Dual or tandem master

cylinder

SINGLE MASTER
CYLINDER

This is the older type has

the reservoirs integrally
cast with the cylinder to
form a single piece
master cylinder body. It
is usually made of cast
iron. It has only one
piston. The main
disadvantage of this
master cylinder was that
if leakage in the system
occurs then whole
braking system will be
ineffective.

DUAL MASTER
CYLINDER

Although it has been in use for

decades all over the world, the dual
(also called split or tandem)
master cylinder is still widely
misunderstood, so we had better
explain its construction and operation.
A typical late-model specimen will be
of the composite variety (aluminum
with a plastic reservoir), but iron onepiece units are still around in
abundance. Two pistons ride in the
bore, and here is where we encounter
some confusing terminology. The rear
piston is the primary, and the one in
the front is the secondary. This
apparent misnaming resulted because
the rear piston is the first to receive
the force of the drivers leg.
The tandem master cylinder is of
course built up in a special way when
its placed in a dual-circuit braking
system. Two small pistons are sitting
in the master cylinder in continuation
of each other.

BIBLIOGRAPHY

Wikipedia.org
Google.com