LINEAR EQUATIONS

MATH10
ALGEBRA

Week 1 Day 1 Linear Equations (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd Edition, page 90-99)

GENERAL
OBJECTIVE

Week 1 Day 1

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
Classify equations as linear, fractional, or rational,
Solve linear equations,
Solve equations leading to the form ax+b=0, and
Solve application problems involving linear
equations by developing mathematical models for
real-life problems.

Week 1 Day 1

TODAYS OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:

Identify an equation,
Classify equations as identity, conditional or
equivalent,
Distinguish a consistent from an inconsistent
equation,
Enumerate the properties of equality.

EQUATION

DEFINITI
ON

Week 1 Day 1

An equation is a statement that two mathematical

expressions are equivalent or equal.
Example: x 7 11
x2 9

7 3x 2 3x
4 x 7 x 2 3x 5

x3
x

1
x2 x2

The values of the unknown that makes the equation

true are called solutions or roots of the equation,
and the process of finding the solution is called
solving the equation.

Week 1 Day 1

KINDS OF EQUATIONS

An identity equation is an equation that is true for

any number substituted to the variable.
Example:

a. 3 x 4 4 3 x
b. x( x 3) x 2 3 x
c. (x 1) 2 x 2 2 x 1

Week 1 Day 1

A conditional equation is an equation that is true

only for certain values of the unknown.
Example:

a. 2 x 3 x 2
b. 4 x 12 0
c. 3(x 2) x 1

Week 1 Day 1

Two equations with exactly the same solutions are

called equivalent equations.
Example:
The following are equivalent equations.

a. 5 x 20
b. 5 x 2 22
c. x 4

Week 1 Day 1

An inconsistent equation is an equation that has

no solution.
A consistent equation is an equation that has a
solution.

Week 1 Day 1

EXAMPLE
Determine whether the given equation is an identity or a
conditional equation.

1. x 2 9 x 3 x 3

2. 2x 3 4 x 2 6 x 9
x x x
3.
2 3 5
x
3
x3
4.

x 1 1 x x 1
x x 8x
5.
3 5 15
2

Week 1 Day 1

PROPERTIES OF EQUALITY
For all real numbers a , b and c
1. Addition Property of Equality
If a = b then a + c = b + c
2.

Subtraction Property of Equality

If a = b then a c = b c

3. Multiplication Property of Equality

If a = b then a c = b c
4. Division Property of Equality
If a =b then
a b

c c

Week 1 Day 2

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
Define linear equations in one variable,
Determine the difference between linear and
nonlinear equations,
Enumerate the steps in solving linear equations,
Solve linear equations and equations involving
fractions,
Solve rational equations which are reducible to
linear equations,
Define extraneous solution.

Week 1 Day 2

RECA
LL
An equation is a statement that two
mathematical expressions are equivalent or
equal.
An identity equation is an equation that is true for
any number substituted to the variable.
A conditional equation is an equation that is true
only for certain values of the unknown.
Two equations with exactly the same solutions are
called equivalent equations.
An inconsistent equation is an equation that has
no solution.
A consistent equation is an equation that has a
solution.

Week 1 Day 2

DEFINITI
ON

LINEAR EQUATION IN ONE

VARIABLE

A linear equation in one variable is an

equation that can be written in the form

ax + b = 0
where a and b are real numbers and a 0
Example:
2x 1 = 0, -5x = 10 + x,

3x + 8 = 2

Week 1 Day 2

Linear Equations

4x 5 3
1
2x x 7
2

x6

x
3

Nonlinear
Equations

x 2x 8

Nonlinear; contains
the square of the
variable

x 6x 0

Nonlinear; contains
the square root of
the variable

3
2x 1
x

Nonlinear; contains
the reciprocal of the
variable

Week 1 Day 2

SOLVING A LINEAR EQUATION IN ONE VARIABLE

Steps

1. Simplify the algebraic expressions on both sides of the

2. Gather all the variable terms on one side of the equat

all constant terms on the other side.
3. Isolate the variable.
4. Check the solution by substituting the value
of the unknown into the original equation.

Week 1 Day 2

EXAMPL
E
STE DESCRIPTION
P

EXAMPLE

Simplify the algebraic

expression on both sides

2(x-1)+3 = x3(x+1)
2x-2+3 = x3x-3
2x+1 =
-2x-3

Gather all the variables on

one side of the equation
and all constant terms on
the other side.

3
Isolate
the variable
Problem
#23 on page
97

4 =
x2x+2x

4
-3-1
x -4x
1 = -4

Week 1 Day 2

Solve the following equations.

# 32
pp .97

# 36
pp .97

25 - 2 5y - 3 y 2 3 2 y 5 5 y 1 3 y 3

46 - 7 - 8y 9 6y - 2 7 4 y 7 2 6 2 y 3 4 6 y

Week 1 Day 2

Linear Equations Involving

Fractions.
# 39
pp .97
# 48
pp .97

x 2x

4
7 63
1-

x - 5 x 2 6x 1

3
5
15

Week 1 Day 2

SOLVING RATIONAL EQUATIONS THAT ARE

REDUCIBLE TO LINEAR EQUATIONS
A rational equation is an equation that contains
one or more rational expressions.
Steps
1. Determine any excluded values(denominator equals
2. Multiply the equation by the LCD.
3. Solve the resulting linear equation.
4. Eliminate any extraneous solution.
Extraneous solution are solutions that satisfy a
transformed equation but do not satisfy the original
equation.

EXAMPLE

Week 1 Day 2

Solve the following

equations.

1.

Classroom ex. 1.1.4

pp .93

2
12
2
a
7a

2.

Classroom ex. 1.1.5

pp .94

2
5
8

a - 4 a a( a 4 )

3.

Classroom ex. 1.1.6

pp .95

1
1
1

2
4x - 12 2 x 6 x 3 x

4.

Classroom ex. 1.1.7

pp .95

2
1

2x - 5
x3

Algebra & Trigonomet ry

by Stewart, Redlin and Watson 2nd Edition

5. exercise 1.1 page 78

u
4
u 1
u
2

Week 1 Day 3

TODAYS
OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:
Solve equations using
radicals
Solve decimal equations
Solve absolute value
equations
Solve literal equations

Week 1 Day 3

RECALL
Steps in solving linear equations
A rational equation is an equation that contains
one or more rational expressions.
Steps in solving rational equations.
Extraneous solution are solutions that satisfy a
transformed equation but do not satisfy the
original equation.

Week 1 Day 3

SOLVING EQUATIONS USING RADICALS

The equation x n a has a solution
x n a if n is odd
x n a if n is even and a 0
if n is even and a 0, the equation has no real solution

Examples :
x 5 32 has only one real solution : x 5 32 2
x 4 16 has two real solutions : x 4 16 2
x 5 32 has only one real solution : x 5 32 2
x 4 16 has no real solution because

16 does not exist

Week 1 Day 3

Solve each equations:

1. x 2 5 0
2. x - 4 5
2

3. x 3 8

6.

x 3 x 8 11

7. 2 x 3 12

4. 16 x 4 85
2
3

5. 5 x 2 43

Algebra & Trigonomet ry

by Stewart, Redlin and Watson 2nd Edition

Examples from page 75 - 76

Week 1 Day 3

DECIMAL EQUATIONS
Algebra & Trigonomet ry

Exercise from page 79

by Stewart, Redlin and Watson 2nd Edition

Solve each equations:

71.

3.02 x 1.48 10.92

74.

3.95 x 2.32 x 2

1.73 x
78.
1.51
2.12 x

Week 1 Day 3

ABSOLUTE VALUE EQUATIONS

DEFINITION

The absolute value of a number a is given

a

if a 0

if a 0

and that it represents the dis tan ce of a to the origin. More generally ,
x a is the dis tan ce between x and a on the real number line.

EXAMPLE

Week 1 Day 3

Algebra & Trigonomet ry

Exercise from page 131

by Stewart, Redlin and Watson 2nd Edition

Solve each equations: (examples on

page 131)

1. 2 x 5 3

2.3 x 7 5 14
Algebra & Trigonomet ry

Exercise from page 133

by Stewart, Redlin and Watson 2nd Edition

Solve each equations:

13. 3 x 5 6 15
17.

x - 1 3x 2

Week 1 Day 3

SOLVING FOR ONE VARIABLE INTERMS OF THE OTHE

Many formulas in the sciences involve several variables,

and it is often necessary to express one of the variables in
terms of the others.
Algebra & Trigonomet ry

Example from page 71 - 72

by Stewart, Redlin and Watson 2nd Edition

solve for the variable M in the equation

mM
F G 2
r

solve for the variable w in the equation

A 2lw 2wh 2lh

SUMMARY
LINEAR EQUATIONS ARE SOLVED BY :

Week 1 Day 3

1. Simplifying the algebraic expressions on both sides of t

2. Gathering all the variable terms on one side of the equa

all constant terms on the other side.
3. Isolating the variable.
4. Checking the solution by substituting the
value of the unknown into the original
equation.
RATIONAL EQUATIONS ARE SOLVED BY :

1. Determining any excluded values(denominator equal

2. Multiplying the equation by the LCD.
3. Solving the resulting linear equation.
4. Eliminating any extraneous solution.

Week 1 Day 3

CLASSWO
RK

#s 32, 34, 42, 60 page 97

HOMEWORK
#s 31,33,35,43,46,51,55,57,61, 65 page 97-98

APPLICATION INVOLVING
LINEAR EQUATIONS

Week 2 Day 1 Application Involving Linear Equations (Algebra and Trigonometry, Young 2nd
Edition, page 100-113).

Week 2 Day 1

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

Develop mathematical models for real-life

problems,
Solve application problems involving common
formulas,
Solve number problems,
Solve digit problems,
Solve geometric problems, and
Solve money and coin problems.

Week 2 Day 1

STEPS IN SOLVING WORD

PROBLEMS
1. Read and analyze the problem carefully and
make sure you understand it.
2. Make a diagram or sketch, if possible.
3. Determine the unknown quantity. Choose a letter
to represent it.
4. Set up an equation. Assign a variable to
represent what you are asked to find.
5. Solve the equation for the unknown quantity.
6. Check the solution.

Week 2 Day 1
Start

Read and analyze

the problem
Make a diagram or
sketch if possible

Solve the equation

Determine the
unknown quantity.

Check the solution

Set up an equation,
assign variables to
represent what you
are asked to find.

no

Did you set up

the equation?

no
yes

Is the unknown
solved?

yes
End

Week 2 Day 1

NUMBER PROBLEMS
1. Find three consecutive odd integers so that the
sum of the
three integers is 5 less than 4 times the first.
(Example 2 page 102)

2. Find two consecutive even integer s so that 18

times the smallest number is 2 more than 17
times the larger number.
(Classroom Ex. 1.2.2 page 102)

Week 2 Day 1

GEOMETRY PROBLEMS
1. A rectangle 3 inches wide has the same area as a
square with 9 inch sides. What are the dimensions
of the rectangle?
(Your Turn problem page 103)

2. Consider two circles, a smaller one and a larger

one. If the larger has a radius that is 3 feet larger
than that of the smaller circle and the ratio of the
circumferences is 2:1, what are the radii of the
two circles. (#21 page 110)

Week 2 Day 1

DIGIT PROBLEMS
1. In an integer between 10 and 100, the units digit is
3 greater than the tens digit. Find the integer, if it is
4 times as large as the sum of its digits.
(from Internet Guide to Engineering Mathematics)

2. A certain two digit number is equal to 9 times the

sum of its digits. If 63 were subtracted from the
number the digits would be reversed. Find the
number.
(from Internet Guide to Engineering Mathematics)

3. The sum of the digits of a two-digit number is 11. If

we interchange the digits then the new number
formed is 45 less than the original. Find the original
number.
(onlinemathlearning .com)

Week 2 Day 1

MONEY AND COIN PROBLEMS

1. A change purse contains an equal number of
pennies, nickels and dimes. The total value of the
coins is $1.44. How many of each type does the
purse contain?
(# 25 page 89 Algebra and Trig. By Stewart, Redlin and Watson,
2nd edition)

2. Mary has $3.00 in nickels, dimes and quarters. If

she has twice as many dimes as quarters and five
more nickels than dimes, how many coins of each
type doe she have?
(# 26 page 89 Algebra and Trig. By Stewart, Redlin and Watson,
2nd edition)

Week 2 Day 2

TODAYS OBJECTIVE
At the end of the lesson the students are
expected to:
Solve investment problems,
Solve age problems, and
Solve mixture problems.

Week 2 Day 2

INVESTMENT PROBLEMS
1. An ambitious 14-year old has saved $1,800 from
chores and odd jobs around the neighborhood. If he
puts this money into a CD that pays a simple interest
rate of 4% a year, how much money will he have in
his CD at the end of 18 months?
(Classroom Ex. 1.2.4 page 104)

2. Theresa earns a full athletic scholarship for college,

and her parents have given her the $20,000 they had
saved to pay for her college tuition. She decides to
invest that money with an overall goal of earning 11%
interest. She wants to put some the money in a lowrisk investment that has been earning 8% a year and
the rest of the money in a medium-risk investment
that typically earns 12% a year. How much money
should she put in each investment to reach her goal?
(Example #5 page 105)

Week 2 Day 2

AGE PROBLEMS
1. A father is four times as old as his daughter. In 6
years, he will be three times as old as she is. How
old is the daughter now?
(# 22 page 89 Algebra and Trig. By Stewart, Redlin and
Watson, 2nd edition)

2. A movie star, unwilling to give his age, posed the

following riddle to a gossip columnist. Seven
years ago, I was eleven times as old ad my
daughter. Now I am four times as old as she is.
How old is the star?
(# 23 page 89 Algebra and Trig. By Stewart, Redlin and Watson,
2nd edition)

Week 2 Day 2

MIXTURE PROBLEMS
1. A mechanic is working on the coolant system of a
vehicle with a capacity of 11.0 liters. Currently the
system is filled with coolant that is 45% ethylene
glycol. How much fluid must be drained and
replaced with 100% ethylene glycol so that the
system will be filled with coolant that is 60%
ethylene glycol?
(Classroom Ex. 1.2.6 page 106)

2. For a certain experiment, a student requires 100 ml

of a solution that is 8% HCl(hydrochloric acid). The
storeroom has only solutions that are 5% and 15%
HCl. How many milliliters of each available solution
should be mixed to get a 100 ml of 8% HCl?
(# 33 page 111)

Week 2 Day 2

MIXTURE PROBLEMS
3. A cylinder contains 50 liters of a 60% chemical
solution. How much of this solution should be
drained off and replaced with a 40% solution to
obtain a final strength of 46%?
(#30 page 37 Applied College Algebra and Trig. By Linda
Davis 3rd edition)

Week 2 Day 3

TODAYS OBJECTIVE

At the end of the lesson the students are

expected to:
Solve uniform motion problems,
Solve work problems, and
Solve clock problems.

Week 2 Day 3

UNIFORM MOTION PROBLEMS

1. You and your roommate decided to take a road trip to
the beach one weekend. You drove all the way to the
beach at an average speed of 60 mph. Your
roommate drove all ath e way back (on the same
route, but with no traffic) at an average rate of
75mph. If the total trip drive took a total of 9 hours,
how many miles was the trip to the beach?
(Classroom Ex. 1.2.7 page 108)

2. A Cessna 150 averages 150 mph in still air. With a

tailwind it is able to make a trip in 2 1/3 hours.
Because of the headwind, it is only able to make a
return trip in 3 hours. What is the average wind
speed?
(Your turn problem page 108)

Week 2 Day 3

UNIFORM MOTION PROBLEMS

3. A motorboat can maintain a constant speed of 16
mph relative to the water. The boat makes a trip
upstream to a marina in 20 minutes. The return trip
takes 15 minutes. What is the speed of the current?
(# 33 page 111)

4. On a trip Jerry drove a steady speed for 3 hours. An

accident slowed his speed by 30 mph for the last
part of the trip. If the 190-mile trip took 4 hours,
what was his speed during the first part of the trip?
(#37 page 37 Applied College Algebra and Trig. By Linda Davis 3 rd
edition)

Week 2 Day 3

WORK PROBLEMS
1. Connie can clean her house in 2 hours. If Alvaro
helps her, they can clean the house in 1 hour and
15 minutes together. How long would it take
Alvaro to clean the house by himself?
(Example #8 page 109)

2. Next-door neighbors Bob and Jim use hoses from

both houses to fill Bobs swimming pool. They
know it takes 18 hours using both hoses. They
also knew that Bobs hose, used alone, takes 20%
less time that Jims hose alone. How much time is
required to fill the pool by each hose alone?
(#48 page 91 Algebra and Trig. By Stewart, Redlin and
Watson, 2nd edition)

Week 2 Day 3

WORK PROBLEMS
3. It takes 7 people 12 hours to complete a job. If
they worked at the same rate, how many people
would it take to complete the job in 16 hours.
(#22 page 37 Applied College Algebra and Trig. By Linda Davis
3rd edition)

Week 2 Day 3

CLOCK PROBLEMS
1. What time after 8 o clock will the hands of the
continuously driven clock be opposite each other?
2. What time after 5:00 am will the hands of the
continuously driven clock extend in opposite
direction?
3. What time after 3:00 pm will the hands of the
continuously driven clock are together for the first
time?
4. What time after 4 o clock will the hands of the
continuously driven clock from a right angle?

SUMMARY

Week 2 Day 3

In real world many kinds of application problems can

be solved through modeling with linear equations. The
following procedure will help you develop the model.
Some problems require development of a mathematical
model, while others rely on common formulas.
1. Read and analyze the problem carefully and make sure
you understand it.
2. Make a diagram or sketch, if possible.
3. Determine the unknown quantity. Choose a letter to
represent it.
4. Set up an equation. Assign a variable to represent what
you are asked to find.
5. Solve the equation for the unknown quantity.
6. Check the solution.