Monophasic Pipeline Design

WATER, OIL AND GAS PIPELINE DESIGN
Dated: 14-Jan--2016
Presenter: Muhammad Salman Qamar

Master of Petroleum Engineering
Subject:
Oil and Gas Transport
Course
Coordinator: Prof. Guido Sassi
Contents:
Geological Terrain Data
Water Pipeline Design
Client Requirements, Input parameters and Variables

Preliminary Selection of Pipeline Diameter
Final Selection of Pipeline Diameter
Pump Design
Oil Pipeline Design

Pump Design
contd
Comparison b/w Oil and Water Pipeline
Natural Gas Pipeline Design

Geological Terrain:
GEOLOGICAL TERRAIN
600
500
400
Elevation300
(m)
200
100
0
0
200
400
600
Distance [km]
Elevation [m] Vs Distance [km]
800
1000
1200
WATER PIPELINE DESIGN
WATER PIPELINE DESIGN

Client Requirements
Atmospheric
Conditions
Fluid Properties
Properties
Value
Unites
Max Rate
0.081
m3/s
Min Rate
0.058
m3/s
Avg. Rate
0.069
m3/s
Delivery Pressure
Bar
Temperature
Variation
10-50
Atmospheric
Pressure
Atm
Density*
1000
Kg/m3
0.001
Pa.s
*Negligible properties variation with

temperature.
Viscosity*
Design Parameters
Parameters
Units
Min Value
Max Value
Flow Velocity
m/s
0.4
1.5
Diameter
0.22
0.51
Stainless Steel Pipe Diameter Range*

Outside
Diameter
mm
273
273
323
323
355
406
457
508
Thickness
mm
9.30
7.10
9.50
8.40
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
Inside
Diameter
mm
255
259
305
307
337
387
438
489
Reference: American Petroleum Institute Standards 5L for Pipeline Specifications.
Design Procedure
)
Stainless Steel Pipe Diameter Range

For Average Rate
Outside
Diameter
Thickness (STD)
Inside
Diameter
mm
273.1
273.1
323.9
323.9
355.6
406.4
457.0
508.0
mm
9.30
7.10
9.50
8.40
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
mm
255
259
305
307
337
387
438
489
Bar
98
83
85
75
77
68
60
54
Velocity
Reynold's
number (Re)
m/s
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
2.9E+05
2.9E+05
2.6E+05
2.3E+05
2.0E+05
1.8E+05
Roughness (d)*
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
Relative
rougness (e)
1.8E-04
1.7E-04
1.5E-04
1.5E-04
1.3E-04
1.2E-04
1.0E-04
9.2E-05
Friction factor (f)
0.0158
0.0158
0.0159
0.0159
0.0160
0.0162
0.0164
0.0166
P/L**
Pa/m
63.7
58.5
26.0
25.1
15.9
8.0
4.4
2.6
Maximum
Allowable
Pressure
3.5E+05 3.4E+05
*Assuming Stainless Steel

**10% Extra pressure loss due to fitting
Pressure Profile
Pressure Profi le for Stainless Steel Pipe Dia(m) Range
100
0.255
0.259
0.305
0.307
0.337
0.387
0.438
0
-100
-200
-300
Pressure (bar)
-400
-500
-600
-700
0
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
Preliminary Diameter Selection

Pressure Profi le for Selected Diameters (m)
100
50
Pressure (bar)
-50
-100
-150
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
Allowable Pressures in Pipeline

Pipeline Inlet Pressure
Bar
10
Max Temperature
50
Vapor Pressure
Bar
0.12 @ 50C
Safety Factor
Min Allowable Pressure with

SF
Bar
0.6
Inside Diameter
mm
337
387
438
489
Maximum Allowable
Pressure
Bar
77
68
60
54
Safety Factor
0.930
0.930
0.930
0.930
Maximum Allowable
Pressure with SF
72
63
56
50
PVT Data of Water
Diameter: 0.337 m
Pressure Profile without Pump
100
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
50
0
-50
Pressure (bar)
-100
-150
-200
-250
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
Diameter: 0.337 m
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Valve
70.0
Pressure Profile with Pumps
Valve
Valve
80.0
px (bar) @avg rate
60.0
Valve
Valve
50.0 (bar)
Pressure
40.0
30.0
20.0
400.0
Pum
p
600.0
Distance(km)
Pum
p
200.0
Pum
p
0.0
0.0
Pum
p
10.0
800.0
1000.0
Delivery
1200.0
Diameter: 0.387 m
Pressure Profile without pump
80
60
40
20
0
Pressure
-20(bar)
-40
-60
-80
-100
0
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
Diameter: 0.387 m
Valve
65.0
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
55.0
Valve
Pressure
(bar)
45.0
Valve
35.0
25.0
15.0
Delivery
200.0
Pum
p
-5.0
0.0
Pum
p
5.0
400.0
600.0
Distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
Diameter: 0.438 m
Pressure Profile without Pumps
70
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
60
50
40
30
20
Pressure (bar)
10
0
-10
-20
-30
0
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
Diameter: 0.438 m
Pressure Profile with pump
60.0
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Valve
Valve
50.0
40.0
Pmax
30.0
Pressure
(bar)
20.0
10.0
Deliver
y
0.0
200.0
400.0
Pum
p
0.0
600.0
Distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
Diameter: 0.489 m
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
60.0
50.0
40.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
20.0
10.0
0.0
0
200
400
600
Distance(km)
800
1000
Diameter: 0.489 m
60.0
Pressure
Profile with
pump
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
px (bar) @avg rate
Pmin
Pmax
50.0
Valve
40.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
Deliver
y
200.0
400.0
600.0
Distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
Pump and Valve Design for D=0.438m
Pump and Valve Design for Dia=0.438m

60.0
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Valve
Valve
50.0
40.0
Pmax
30.0
Pressure
(bar)
20.0
10.0
0.0
200.0
400.0
Pum
p
0.0
Deliver
y
600.0
Distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
1200.0
Pump and Valve Design Data

Pump Station Location
360 km
Pressure Required for Qmax
28.5 Bar
Pressure Required for Qmin
18.9 Bar
Length of Pipe before Pump station
360 km
P in Pipeline (for Qmax)
5.5 Bar
Pump and Valve Design Procedure
Take Pvalve as 50% of P pipeline.

5.5 Bar
P in Valve(for Qmax)
2.8 Bar
Discharge coefficient (Cv) is a function of valve opening s.

Nominal discharge coefficient (Cvn) is obtained at s=1 which is defined at
minimal P and maximum rate
Calculate Nominal Discharge Coefficient for the Valve, using the formula as
under and taking P valve and Q=1.1*Qmax.
Cvn
849.2
Dimensionless discharge coefficient =/

Assuming linear globe valve =, Cv at any valve opening s can be obtained
Assuming =s
90%
25%
Cv
764.3
212.3
Using Cv calculated above, calculate Pvalve for Qmax and Qmin.

P (close valve @ Qmax)
2.8
bar
P (open valve @ Qmin)
18.7
bar

Minimum Rate
Maximum Rate
Rate (m3/s)
0.058
0.081
Rate (gpm)
917.264
1284.170
18.9
28.5
192.7
290.5
18.7
2.8
190.3
28.8
Pressure Required (bar)

Head Required (m)
Pvalve (bar)
Head loss by valve (m)

Head requirement points
Pressure
Profile px
with
pump
px (bar) @avg rate
(bar) @min rate
60
350
50
300
Valve
40
250
200
30
Pressure
(bar)
HEAD (m)
150
20
100
10
50
100
150
200
250
300
Distance(km)
350
Pump
50
400
450
500
0
0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10
Q (m3/s)
Pump head (Head required + Hvalve)

450
400
Head Vs Flowrate
Head requirement
Pump (Require head+ DeltaP Valve)
350
300
Pressure
Required (bar)
18.9
28.5
Head Required
(m)
192.7
290.5
Pvalve (bar)
18.7
2.8
Head loss by
valve (m)
190.3
28.8
Pump head
required (m)
382.9
319.3`
250
Head
(m)
200
150
100
50
0
0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10
flowrate(m3/s)
Pump Characteristic Curve

Single Pump Performance Curve
60
PPC Dia 8.5inch
PPC Dia 7.5inch
PPC Dia 9inch
50
Total Hed (m)

40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Capacity (gpm)
50
60
70
Pump Station with different Pumps

Multiple Pump Performance Curve
500
Pump Dia 7.5inch
Pump Dia 8.5inch
Pump Dia 9.5inch
Head Req for Qmin
450
400
350
300
250
Total
Head (m)
200
150
100
50
0
0
200
400
600
800
1000
Total Rate (gpm)
1200
1400
1600
1800

Pump Impeller Diameter
[in]
Pumps in Series
Pumps in Parallel
10
22
13
27
25
OIL PIPELINE DESIGN
OIL PIPELINE DESIGN

Client Requirements
Atmospheric
Conditions
Properties
Value
Unites
Max Rate
0.081
m3/s
Min Rate
0.058
m3/s
Avg. Rate
0.069
m3/s
Delivery Pressure
Bar
Temperature
Variation
10-50
Atm
837.6 @ 10C
Kg/m3
811.4 @ 50C
Kg/m3
0.0045 @ 10C
Pa.s
0.0018 @ 50C
Pa.s
Atmospheric
Pressure
Density
Fluid Properties
Viscosity
Density and Viscosity of Oil

Density and Viscosity Vs Temperature
840
5
Density Vs Temperature
835
Viscosity Vs Temperature
4.5
4
830
3.5
825 (kg/m3)
Density
820
2.5
Viscosity
(cP)
815
810
1.5
805
800
0.5
795
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
Temperature (C)
40
45
50
0
55
Design Parameters
Parameters
Units
Min Value
Max Value
Flow Velocity
m/s
0.4
1.5
Diameter
0.22
0.51

Outside
Diameter
mm
273
273
323
323
355
406
457
508
Thickness
mm
9.30
7.10
9.50
8.40
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
Inside
Diameter
mm
255
259
305
307
337
387
438
489
Design Procedure
)

For Average Rate @ 10C
Outside Diameter
mm
273.1
273.1
323.9
323.9
355.6
406.4
457.0
508.0
Thickness (STD)
mm
9.30
7.10
9.50
8.40
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
Inside
Diameter
mm
255
259
305
307
337
387
438
489
Maximum
Allowable
Pressure
Bar
98
83
85
75
77
68
60
54
Velocity
m/s
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
Reynold's
number (Re)
6.5E+04
6.4E+04
5.4E+04
5.4E+04
4.9E+04
4.2E+04
3.8E+04
3.4E+0
4
Roughness (d)*
mm
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
Relative rougness
(e)
1.8E-04
1.7E-04
1.5E-04
1.5E-04
1.3E-04
1.2E-04
1.0E-04
9.2E05
Friction factor (f)
(final
value)
0.0205
0.0205
0.0211
0.0211
0.0215
0.0221
0.0226
0.0231
57.7
26.2
25.3
16.3
8.3
4.6
2.7

P/L**
Pa/m
62.7
Pressure Profile @ 10C

Pressure Profile for diff erent diameters (m) @ 10C
0.255
0.259
0.305
0.307
0.337
0.387
0.438
0.489
100
0
-100
-200
-300
Pressure (bar)
-400
-500
-600
-700
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
Preliminary Diameter Selection@ 10C

50
Pressure Profile for selected diameters (m) @ 10C
-50
Pressure (bar)
-100
-150
0
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000

For Average Rate @ 50C
Outside Diameter
mm
273.10
273.10
323.90
323.90
355.60
406.40
457.00
508.00
Thickness (STD)
mm
9.30
7.10
9.50
8.40
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
Inside
Diameter
mm
0.255
0.259
0.305
0.307
0.337
0.387
0.438
0.489
Maximum
Allowable
Pressure
Bar
98.00
83.00
85.00
75.00
77.00
68.00
60.00
54.00
Velocity
m/s
1.4
1.3
1.0
0.9
0.8
0.6
0.5
0.4
Reynold's
number (Re)
1.6E+05
1.5E+05
1.3E+05
1.3E+05
1.2E+05
1.0E+05
9.1E+04
8.2E+0
4
Roughness (d)*
mm
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
Relative rougness
(e)
1.8E-04
1.7E-04
1.5E-04
1.5E-04
1.3E-04
1.2E-04
1.0E-04
9.2E05
Friction factor (f)
(final
value)
0.0176
0.0175
0.0179
0.0180
0.0182
0.0184
0.0228
0.0193
48.0
21.6
20.8
13.3
6.7
3.6
2.2

P/L**
Pa/m
52.2
Pressure Profile @ 50C

Pressure Profile for different diameters (m)
100.0
0.255
0.259
0.305
0.307
0.337
0.387
0.438
0.489
0.0
-100.0
-200.0
Pressure
(bar)
-300.0
-400.0
-500.0
-600.0
200
400
600
DISTANCE (km)
800
1000
Preliminary Diameter Selection @ 50C

60.0
Pressure Profile for selected diameters @ 50C (m)
40.0
20.0
0.0
-20.0
Pressure (bar)
-40.0
-60.0
-80.0
-100.0
-120.0
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
Allowable Pressures in Pipeline

Pipeline Inlet Pressure
Bar
10
Max Temperature
50
Vapor Pressure
Bar
0.12 @ 50C
Safety Factor
Min Allowable Pressure with

SF
Bar
0.6
Inside Diameter
mm
337
387
438
489
Maximum Allowable
Pressure
Bar
77
68
60
54
Safety Factor
0.930
0.930
0.930
0.930
Maximum Allowable
Pressure with SF
72
63
56
50
Diameter: 0.337 m @ 10C

100
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
50
Pressure
0 (bar)
-50
-100
-150
-200
0
200
400
distance(km)
600
800
1000

px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
Valve
70
Valve
80
60
50
40
Valve
Valve
Valve
Pressure (bar)
Valve
30
20
10
600.0
Distance(km)
Pum
p
800.0
Pum
p
400.0
Pum
p
200.0
Pum
p
Pum
p
0
0.0
Delivery
1000.0
1200.0

px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
100
50
0
-50
Pressure (bar)
-100
-150
-200
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
1200
70.0
Valve
Valve
80.0
Pressure Profile with Pump
50.0
Valve
Valve
Valve
60.0
40.0
Pressure (bar)
30.0
200.0
px (bar) @avg rate
400.0
600.0
Distance (km)
px (bar) @min rate
800.0
Delivery
Pum
p
Pum
p
Pum
p
0.0
0.0
Pum
p
10.0
Pum
Pum
pp
20.0
1000.0
px (bar) @max rate
1200.0
Pmin

80
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
60
40
20
0
Pressure
(bar)
-20
-40
-60
-80
-100
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
Pmax

Valve
70
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmax
Valve
60
Pmin
50
40
Pressure (bar)
30
20
10
200.0
400.0
600.0
distance(km)
800.0
Pump
Pump
0
0.0
Delivery
1000.0
1200.0

80
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
60
40
20
0
Pressure (bar)
-20
-40
-60
-80
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
Pmax

Valve
70.0
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
60.0
Valve
50.0
Pressure
(bar)
Valve
40.0
30.0
20.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
Distance (km)
800.0
Pum
p
0.0
0.0
Pum
p
10.0
1000.0
Delivery
1200.0
Diameter: 0.438 m at 10C

80

px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
60
40
20
Pressure (bar)
0
-20
-40
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000

60
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Valve
Valve
50
Pmax
40
30
Pressure (bar)
20
10
Delivery
200.0
400.0
Pum
p
0
0.0
600.0
distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
1200.0

70
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
60
50
40
30
20
Pressure (bar)
10
0
-10
-20
-30
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
1200

60.0
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
Valve
50.0
Valve
px (bar) @avg rate
40.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
20.0
10.0
Delivery
200.0
400.0
Pum
p
0.0
0.0
600.0
Distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
1200.0

60
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
50
40
30
Pressure (bar)
20
10
0
-10
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000
1200

60.0

px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
50.0
40.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
Valve
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
200.0
Pum
p
Delivery
400.0
600.0
800.0
Distance(km)
1000.0
1200.0

60
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
50
40
30
Pressure (bar)
20
10
0
0
200
400
600
distance(km)
800
1000

px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
Pmin
Pmax
60.0
50.0
Valve
40.0
30.0
Valve
Pressure (bar)
20.0
10.0
0.0
0.0
200.0
Pum
p
Delivery
400.0
600.0
800.0
distance(km)
1000.0
1200.0
Pump and Valve Design for D=0.438m
Pump and Valve Design for Dia=0.438m

Pressure Profile with Pump @ 10C
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @avg rate
60.0
Valve
50.0
Valve
50.0
40.0
40.0
30.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
Pressure (bar)
20.0
20.0
10.0
10.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
Distance(km)
Pump
0.0
0.0
px (bar) @min rate
400.0
500.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
Distance(km)
400.0
Pump
60.0
px (bar) @avg rate
500.0
Pump and Valve Design Data @ 10C

360 km
35.9 Bar
26.1Bar
360 km
8.861 Bar
Pump and Valve Design Data @ 50C

360 km
35.9 Bar
26.1Bar
360 km
5.2 Bar
Take Pvalve as 50% of P pipeline.

@ 10C
@ 50C
8.86 Bar
4.43 Bar
5.21 Bar
2.62 Bar
Discharge coefficient is a function of valve opening s.

Nominal discharge coefficient (Cvn) is obtained at s=1 which is defined at
minimal P and maximum rate.
Calculate Nominal Discharge Coefficient for the Valve, using the formula as
under and taking P valve and Q=1.1*Qmax.
@ 10C
Cvn
614.2
@ 50C
Cvn
791.3
Dimensionless discharge coefficient =/

Assuming linear globe valve =, Cv at any valve opening s can be obtained
Assuming =s
@ 10C
@ 50C
90%
25%
Cv
552.8
153.6
56%
19%
Cv
439.2
150.4
Using Cv calculated above, calculate Pvalve for Qmax and Qmin.

@ 10C
@ 50C
4.5
bar
29.9
bar
6.9
bar
30.2
bar

Minimum Rate
Maximum
Rate
Rate (m3/s)
0.058
0.081
Rate (gpm)
917.264
1284.170
Pressure
Required (bar)
26.1
35.9
Head Required
(m)
317.6
436.9
Pvalve (bar)
29.9
4.5
Head loss by
valve (m)
363.8
55.0
@ 10C
Minimum Rate
Maximum
Rate
Rate (m3/s)
0.058
0.081
Rate (gpm)
917.264
1284.170
Pressure
Required (bar)
26.1
35.9
Head Required
(m)
302.8
404.5
Pvalve (bar)
30.2
6.9
Head loss by
valve (m)
379.4
87.2
@ 50C

60.0
px (bar) @avg rate
px (bar) @min rate

500.0
50.0
450.0
Valve
40.0
400.0
350.0
300.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
H (m) 250.0
20.0
200.0
150.0
10.0
100.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
Distance(km)
400.0
Pump
0.0
0.0
500.0
50.0
0.0
0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100
Q (m3/s)

px (bar) @avg rate
60.0
px (bar) @min rate
px (bar) @max rate
450.0
Valve
50.0
400.0
350.0
40.0
300.0
30.0
Pressure (bar)
250.0
H (m)
20.0
200.0
150.0
10.0
100.0
0.0
100.0
200.0
300.0
Distance(km)
400.0
Pump
0.0
500.0
50.0
0.0
0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100
Q (m3/s)

Minimum Rate
0.058
Maximum
Rate
0.081
Pressure
Required (bar)
26.1
35.9
Head Required
(m)
317.6
436.9
Pvalve (bar)
29.9
4.5
Head loss by
valve (m)
363.8
55.0
Pump head
required (m)
681.4
491.9
Pump Head Required @ 10C
800
Rate (m3/s)
700
600
500
400
H (m)
300
200
Head requirement
100
0
0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100
Q (m3/s)

Minimum Rate
0.058
Maximum
Rate
0.081
Pressure
Required (bar)
26.1
35.9
Head Required
(m)
317.6
436.9
Pvalve (bar)
30.2
6.9
Head loss by
valve (m)
379.4
87.2
Pump head
required (m)
682.2
491.7
Pump Head Required @ 50C
800
Rate (m3/s)
700
600
500
400
H (m)
300
200
Head requirement
100
0
0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100
Q (m3/s)
Pump Characteristic Curve

Single Pump Performance Curve
60
PPC Dia 8.5inch
PPC Dia 7.5inch
PPC Dia 9inch
50
Total Hed (m)

40
30
20
10
0
0
10
20
30
40
Capacity (gpm)
50
60
70

Multiple Pumps Performance Curve
1000
900
800
700
600
500(m)
Total Head
400
300
200
100
0
0
PPC Dia 8.5 Inch

PPC Dia 9 Inch
Head Required for Qmax @ 10 C
200
400
600
800
PPC Dia 7.5 Inch

Head Required for Qmax @ 10 C
Head Required for Qmax @ 50C
1000
Total Rate (gpm)
1200
1400
1600
1800

Pump Impeller Diameter
[in]
Pumps in Series
Pumps in Parallel
19
19
26
22
16
19
Comparison Between Water and Oil
Comparison of Properties
Properties
Water
Oil*
Density of Water [Kg/m3]
1000 Kg/m3
837.6 Kg/m3
Viscosity [Pa.s]
0.001
0.0043
*Properties are defined at 10C.
Comparison of Parameters
Same Parameters
Different parameters
Flow velocity range [m/s] & Flow rates [m3/s]
Reynolds number
Inlet Pressure [bar]
Friction factor
Pipeline Diameter [m] and Material
P/L [bar/m]
Maximum Pressure [bar]

Minimum Pressure [bar]
Delivery Pressure [m]
Pvalve [bar] = 50% Ppipeline
Pressure Profile Comparison (Dia=0.337m)

Pressure Profile Water Pipeline
80
80
60
60
40
40
Pressure (bar)
20
20
0
Pressure (bar)
-20
-40
Pressure Profile Oil Pipeline
Pressure drop
below zero at
250 km.
0
-20
-40
-60
-60
-80
-80
0
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

Distance (km)
Pressure drop below

zero at 202 km.
High viscosity
creates extra P.
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500

distance(km)
Pump Requirement for Qavg (Dia 0.387)

Pump requirement: 52.2
Bar

Bar
Va lv e
Valve

65
Valve
55
45
Pressure
(bar)
Pres s ure Profi le Oil Pipeline

Valve
35
70
50
15
40
Va lv e
25
Va lv e
60
Pressure (bar)
30
5
600.0
Distance(km)
800.0
1000.0
10
0
0.0
200.0
400.0
600.0
distance(km)
Pu m p
400.0
Pu m
p
200.0
Pum
p
-5
0.0
Pump
20
800.0
1000.0

Bar

Bar
50
Valve
40
30
30
Pressure (bar)
Pressure (bar)
20
20
10
10
200
400
Pum
p
0
0
600
Distance(km)
800
1000
0
0
200
400
Pum
p
40
Valve
50
Valve
60
Valve
60
600
distance(km)
800
1000

Pump requirement: 0.0 Bar
Pump requirement: 2.9 Bar
60
50
50
Valve
60
30
40
30
Pressure (bar)
20
10
10
200
400
600
800
Distance(km)
1000
0
0
Valve
20
200
Pum
p
Pressure (bar)
0
0
Valve
40
400
600
800
Length (km)
1000
Comparison Between Water and Oil Pipeline Pump Designing

Pipeline Diameter: 0.438m
Pressure Profile with Constant Downstream Pressure

60

60
23.4bar
50
Valve
40
30
40
30
Pressure (bar)
10
10
Pum
p
20
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
Distance(km)
0
0
Pump
Pressure (bar)
20
0
0
30.6 bar
Valve
50
50 100 150 200 250 300 350 400 450 500
distance(km)
Pump Head Requirement

800 Head Vs Flowrate (Oil Pipeline)
Pump450
Head Vs Flowrate (Water Pipeline) Pump
400
700
382.9
681.4
600
350
319.3
290.5
300
250
Head
(m)
200
500
491.9
436.9
400
H (m)
192.7
300
317.6
150
100
200
Head requirement
50
0
0.06 0.06 0.07 0.07 0.08 0.08 0.09 0.09 0.10 0.10
flowrate(m3/s)
Head requirement
100
0
0.055 0.060 0.065 0.070 0.075 0.080 0.085 0.090 0.095 0.100
Q (m3/s)
Pump Head Requirement

Multiple Pump Performance Curve for Water Pipeline Multiple Pump Performance Curve for Oil Pipeline
1000
500
900
450
382.9
400
800
350
319.3
300
Total Head [m]

600
250Head (m)
Total
200 Pump Dia 7.5inch
150 Pump Dia 9.5inch
491.9
500
Pump Dia 8.5inch

Head Req for Qmin
100 Head Req for Qmax

50
0
0
681.4
700
PPC Dia 7.5 inch

PPC Dia 8.5 inch
PPC Dia 9 Inch
Head Required for Qmin
Head Required for Qmax
400
300
200
100
200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800

Total Rate (gpm)
0
0
200
400
600
800 1000 1200 1400 1600 1800
Total Rate [gpm]
Different Pumping Station Configurations

WATER PIPELINE PUMPING STATIONS
OIL PIPELINE PUMPING STATION
Pump
Impeller
Diameter [in]
Pumps in
Series
Pumps in
Parallel
Pump
Impeller
Diameter [in]
Pumps in
Series
Pumps in
Parallel
10
22
19
19
13
27
26
22
25
16
19
Head Loss
Total head loss = Static head loss + Dynamic head loss

Static head loss = HX HA = hX hA + ( )/ (=0)
Dynamic head loss (Darcy Weisbach equation)
Where
Due to contribution of fittings in pressure drop, value of K has been increased

10%.
Static Head Loss

Static Head Loss for Water
Density of
Water
Density of Oil
838
Kg/m3
hA
560
hX
403
bar
PA
10
bar
bar
PX
6.37
bar
201.22
1000
Kg/m3
hA
560
hX
403
PA
10
PX
9.65
Static Head
Loss
160.6
Static Head Loss for Oil*
Static Head
Loss
Dynamic Head Loss

Duynamic Head Loss for Water
Diameter
Length
Friction Factor
K
0.438
360
Km
0.0164
33288.2
Dynamic Head Loss for Oil*

Diameter
Length
Friction Factor
s/m3
0.438
360
Km
0.0226
45897.6
s/m3
Static Head Loss

700
Total Head Loss for Oil and Water Pipeline
600
500
TOTAL Head Loss [m]
400
300
Static Head Loss
200
100
Total Head Loss for Water-Pipeline
0
0
0.02
0.04
0.06
Flow Rate [m3/s]
0.08
0.1
0.12
GAS PIPELINE DESIGN
Pressure Drop Calculation for Compressible Fluids
Three simplified derivative equations can be used to calculate gas flow in

pipelines;
Weymouth equation
Panhandle equation
Spitzglass equation
All three are effective, but the accuracy and applicability of each equation falls
within certain ranges of flow and pipe diameter. The equations are stated next.
Panhandle Equation
This equation is recommended for larger-diameter pipe (12-in. diameter and greater).
It is also recommended for long runs of pipe ( > 20 miles) such as cross-country
transmission pipelines and for moderate Reynolds numbers.
Spitzglass Equation
The Spitzglass equation is recommended for low-pressure vent lines < 12 in. in
diameter (P< 10% ofP1).
The petroleum engineer will find that the general gas equation and the
Weymouth equation are very useful. The Weymouth equation is ideal for
designing branch laterals and trunk lines in field gas-gathering systems.
Weymouth Equation (For horizontal Pipes)
The Weymouth equation is recommended for smaller-diameter pipe (generally,

12 in. and less). It is also recommended for shorter lengths of segments ( < 20
miles) within production batteries and for branch gathering lines, medium- to
high-pressure (+/100 psig to > 1,000 psig) applications, and a high Reynolds
number.
C=0.0011493
Q=Flowrate [m3/day]
D= Pipe Diameter (mm)
E=Pipe Efficiency
f=Darcy-Weibach friction factor
G= Gas specific gravity
L=Pipe length (miles)
Ta=Temperature T [K]
Tb= Base Temperature [K]
Pb= Base Pressure [kPa]
P1=Inlet pressure [kPa]
P2= Outlet Pressure [kPa]
Za=Gas Compressibility Factor
Weymouth Equation (For horizontal Pipes)
Compressibility factor Z is calculated at average pressure given by equation

below;
Z factor is calculated at that average pressure values.

Inlet pressure= 2000 psi (13785 kPa)
Delivery Pressure= 500psi (3446 kPa)
Surface flow rate is assumed to be 50MMscfd (16.385 sm 3/s)
Weymouth Equation (Not For Horizontal Pipes)
(British Units)
(SI Units)
Calculation for Outlet Pressure
Here;
(SI Units)
Parameters
Parameters
Units
Values
Flow rate
m3/s
16.385
Molecular Mass of gas
a.m.u
16.5
Specific Gravity Gas @SC
0.57
Viscosity of Gas
Pa.s
1E-4
Pipe Efficiency (e)
90
Inlet Pressure (P1)
kPa
13785.71
Delivery Pressure (P2)
kPa
3446.43
Pressure Base (Pb)
kPa
101.325
Temperature Base (Tb)
288
Temperature Max
323
Temperature Min
283
Pipeline Parameter
Outside
Diameter
Thickness
(STD)
Inside
Diameter
Inside
Diameter
Velocity
Reynold's
number (Re)
Roughness
(d)*
Relative
rougness (e)
mm
273.10
273.10
323.90
323.90
355.60
406.40
457.00
508.00
mm
9.30
7.10
9.50
8.40
9.50
9.50
9.50
9.50
0.255
0.259
0.305
0.307
0.337
0.387
0.438
0.489
mm
254.5
258.9
304.9
307.1
336.6
387.4
438.0
489.0
m/s
322.1
311.2
224.4
221.2
184.1
139.0
108.7
87.2
5.0E+07
4.9E+07
4.2E+07
4.2E+07
3.8E+07
3.3E+07
2.9E+07
2.6E+07
mm
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
45
1.8E-04
1.7E-04
1.5E-04
1.5E-04
1.3E-04
1.2E-04
1.0E-04
9.2E-05
(start value)
0.0134
0.0134
0.0129
0.0129
0.0127
0.0124
0.0121
0.0118
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0000
0.0001
0.0134
0.0134
0.0130
0.0129
0.0127
0.0124
0.0121
0.0119
Friction factor
(difference)
(f)
(final value)
Pressure Profile
Pressure Profile for diff erent diameters (m)
0.255
0.259
0.305
0.307
0.337
0.387
0.438
0.489
200
150
100
50
0
Pressure
-50 (bar)
-100
-150
Compressors
are required
-200
-250
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
1200
Selected Pressure Profile

Pressure Profile for selected diameters (m)
170.0
160.0
150.0
140.0
Pressure
(bar)
130.0
120.0
110.0
100.0
200
400
600
Distance (km)
800
1000
Conclusion:
For Oil and water, pipeline diameter less than 0.337 m causes extremely large
pressure drop due to high level of friction. Therefore it is recommended after
this study to use pipeline diameter higher than 0.337 m.
In case small diameter pipeline is to be used, a low roughness pipeline
material is required to compensate the friction loss.
The study propose a range of pipeline diameters that can be utilized and also
propose combination of pumps stations (series and parallel pumps). The final
decision must be taken keeping in consideration economics i.e. pipeline cost
vs. pump station cost.
Energy required by pump is higher in case of oil pipeline as compared to water
because of high viscosity.
Number of pumps required (either in series or parallel) at one pumping station
is higher in case of oil as compared to water to obtain same deliverypressure.
For gas pipeline, diameters less than 0.305m casuses extremely large pressure
drop due to frction losses. It is recommended to utilize pipeline greater than
0.305m diameter with the appropriate pressure control valve systems.
References:
Friction Factors for Pipe flow by Lewis F. Moody and N.J. Princeton.
American Petroleum Institute Pipeline Specification 5L.
A tutorial on Pipe Flow Equations by Donald W. Schroeder, Jr.
Emerson Valve Sizing Calculation tutorial.
Pipe Roughness Values, Jacques Chaurette P. Eng
www.ligthmypump.com, February 2003
Pump selection, sizing and interpretation of performance curves.
http://petrowiki.org/Pressure_drop_evaluation_along_pipelines

Monophasic Pipeline Design

Uploaded by

Document Information

Copyright

Available Formats

Share this document

Share or Embed Document

Sharing Options

Did you find this document useful?

Is this content inappropriate?

Copyright:

Available Formats

Monophasic Pipeline Design

Uploaded by

Copyright:

Available Formats

WATER, OIL AND GAS PIPELINE DESIGN

Presenter: Muhammad Salman Qamar

Client Requirements, Input parameters and Variables

Oil Pipeline Design

Client Requirements, Input parameters and Variables

WATER PIPELINE DESIGN

WATER PIPELINE DESIGN

*Negligible properties variation with

Stainless Steel Pipe Diameter Range*

Reference: American Petroleum Institute Standards 5L for Pipeline Specifications.

Stainless Steel Pipe Diameter Range

Friction factor (f)

*Assuming Stainless Steel

Preliminary Diameter Selection

Allowable Pressures in Pipeline

Min Allowable Pressure with

PVT Data of Water

px (bar) @avg rate

px (bar) @min rate

px (bar) @max rate

px (bar) @max rate

Pressure Profile with Pumps

px (bar) @avg rate

Pressure Profile with Pumps

px (bar) @avg rate

px (bar) @min rate

px (bar) @max rate

px (bar) @avg rate

px (bar) @min rate

px (bar) @max rate

px (bar) @avg rate

px (bar) @min rate

px (bar) @max rate

px (bar) @min rate

px (bar) @max rate

px (bar) @avg rate

Pump and Valve Design for D=0.438m

Pump and Valve Design for Dia=0.438m

px (bar) @avg rate

px (bar) @min rate

px (bar) @max rate

Pump and Valve Design Data

Pressure Required for Qmax

Pressure Required for Qmin

Length of Pipe before Pump station

P in Pipeline (for Qmax)

Pump and Valve Design Procedure

Take Pvalve as 50% of P pipeline.

Discharge coefficient (Cv) is a function of valve opening s.

Pump and Valve Design Procedure

Dimensionless discharge coefficient =/

Using Cv calculated above, calculate Pvalve for Qmax and Qmin.

P (open valve @ Qmin)

Pump and Valve Design Procedure

Pressure Required (bar)

Pump and Valve Design Procedure

Pump head (Head required + Hvalve)

Pump Characteristic Curve

PPC Dia 8.5inch

PPC Dia 7.5inch

PPC Dia 9inch

Total Hed (m)

Pump Station with different Pumps

Pump Dia 7.5inch