LEADERSHIP

What Is Leadership?
Leadership
The ability to
influence a group
toward the
achievement of goals.
Management
Use of authority
inherent in designated
formal rank to obtain
compliance from
organizational
members.

Leadership
Leadership is a process of exercising influence
over an individual or a group. Effective
leadership is necessary for inspiring the people
to work for the accomplishment of objectives. It
provides a cohesive force which holds the group
intact and develops a spirit of cooperation

Chester Bernard viewed leadership as

the quality of behavior of individuals
whereby they guide people and their
activities. A leader interprets the
objectives of the people working
under him and guides them towards
achievement of those objectives

Definition :

Louis A. Allen, A leader is one who guides

and directs other people. He gives the
efforts of his followers a direction and
purpose by influencing their behavior.

Robert tannenbaum: Leadership is the

inter personal influence exercised in a
situation
and
directed
through
communication
process
towards
the
attainment of specified goals.

Characteristics of leadership

1) Leadership is a process of influence:

2) Leadership is related to a situation:
3)
4)

Leadership is the function of stimulation:

Leadership gives and experience of helping people attain the
common objectives

3) Followers must be satisfied with the type of leadership provided :

Characteristics of leadership
1. Leadership is a process of influence:
Leadership is a process whose important
ingredient is the influence exercised by the
leader on the group members. A person is
said to have an influence over others when
they are willing to carry out his wishes and
accept his advice, guidance and direction.
Successful leaders are able to influence
the behavior, attitudes and beliefs of their
followers.

Contd
2.Leadership is related to a situation:
When we talk to leadership, it is always
related to a particular situation at a given
point of time and under a specific set of
circumstances. That means leadership styles
will be different under different circumstances.
At one point of time, the subordinates may
accept the autocratic behavior of the leader
while at a different point of time and under a
different situation participative leadership
style may be successful.

Contd
3. Leadership is the function of
stimulation:
Leadership is the function of motivating
people to strive willingly to attain
organizational objectives. Leaders are
considered successful when they are able to
subordinate the individual interests of the
employees to the general interests of the
organization. A successful leader allows his
subordinates to have their individual goals
set up by themselves in such a way that
they do not conflict with the organizational

Contd
4: leadership gives and experience of
helping people attain the common
objectives
Under the successful leadership ,every
person in the organization feels that his
operation, however minor it may be, is vital
to
the
attainment
of
organizational
objectives. It happens when the leader feels
the importance of individuals, gives them
recognition and tells them about the
importance of activities performed by them.

Contd
5: Followers must be satisfied with the
type of leadership provided :
Only short term productivity of employees
can be increased by pressure and
punishment. This approach is not in the
long term interests of the organization.
Force generates counter force which results
in a decreased long term productivity. Long
term interest of the organization are best
served
when
subordinates
are
knowledgeable and competent.

Myths
About
leadership

A myth is something that is false, but

believed to be true. As in many things in
life, there are several myths surrounding
the concept and practice of leadership.
Unfortunately,
these
myths
prevent
qualified people from rising to the top.

Leadership refers to the ability of a person to

motivate and inspire other persons towards a
common goal. It is a critical management skill in
the corporate world where the manager should
lead his team towards achieving a common
objective. His role as a leader is crucial in
maximizing and integrating the potential of
available resources. For that, he needs multiple
skills, which many of us may think cannot be
developed by an ordinary person. More often
than not, we nurture certain misconceptions
about
leadership.
Knowing
what
these
misconceptions are helps us understand what
leadership is really about and enables us to
build effective leadership skills.

Myth 1: Good leadership is all common

sense:
At face value, this myth conveys that one
needs only common sense to be a good
leader. It also implies, however, that most if
not all of the studies of leadership reported
in scholarly journals and books only confirm
what anyone with common sense already
knows.

Myth 2: Leaders are born and not

made:
This is the first and most common of all
myths about leadership. Though some
people have innate leadership qualities, it is
rare. Mostly, leaders are made by their
circumstances.
The
extraordinary
circumstances that surround them propel
them to become effective leaders. When it
comes to the corporate world, you can learn
leadership skills by consistent efforts.

Myth 3: The only school you learn leadership

from is the school of Hard Knocks:
some people skeptically question whether leadership can
develop through formal study, believing instead it can be
acquired through actual experience.
It is a mistake , however, to think of formal study and
learning from experience as mutually exclusive. in fact,
they complement each other. Rather than asking whether
leaderships develop from formal study or from real life
experience, it is better to ask what kind of study will help
students to learn discern critical lessons about leaderships
from their own experience.
Approaching the issue in such a way recognizes the
critical role of experience in leadership development.
Further, it also admits that discern critical lessons about
leadership from experience.

Myth 4: Leaders are charismatic:

Charisma is not the absolute quality of a leader.

Leaders are often followed because they are
respected for their hard work, integrity, ideas, and
commitment.
Many leaders are charismatic, but closer scrutiny
shows that most leaders are not. Some of the world's
most famous leaders had warts--some sort of
shortcoming or personality issue. In a leadership
role, people skills are very important--more
important than technical skills. However, the best
leaders are those who work toward a goal. Your
cause, your purpose and your mission in life will
make you charismatic, not the other way around.

Myth 5: The person with the title, most

rank or the
highest position is the leader.
True leadership is not based on position or
rank. It is based on action, performance,
ability, and effectiveness. We all relate to
working for those people who were placed
in leadership roles who did more to
demoralize and destroy the business than
anything else.

Importance of Leadership
1.Developing Good
Human relations:

Human

Relations

represent the relations between the leader

(manager) and the subordinates (workers). An
efficient leadership develops the talents of the
individuals, promote the self-confidence in them,
and provides an opportunity to demonstrate their
ability apart from the motivation towards the
accomplishment of goal. This leader emphasizes
the co-operative attitude of workers and it creates
an environment of good human relations which in
turn increase the productivity of the organisation.

2. Creating Confidence
A good leader may create confidence in his
followers by directing them, giving them
advice and getting through them good
results in the organisation. Once an
individual, with the help of a leader, puts
high efficiency, he tries to maintain it as he
acquires certain levels of confidence
towards
his
capacity.
Sometimes,
individuals fail to recognise their qualities
and capabilities to work in the absence of
good direction.

3.
Securing
Members:

Co-operation

of

the

Leader can secure wholehearted cooperation of employees for achieving

objectives. As a leader the manager
persuades his subordinates to work more
enthusiastically. To seek maximum cooperation from them he modifies their
working behaviour and makes it more
desirable and meaningful for realizing
organization goals

4. Determination of Goals
A leader performs the creative functions of
laying down goals and policies for the
followers. He acts as a guide in interpreting
the goals and policies.
5.Organisation of Activities
A good leader divides organization activities
among the employees in a systematic manner.
The relationship between them is clearly laid
down. This reduces the change of conflict
between them

6. Better Utilization of Manpower

The first management function of a leader is
to make plans, policies, and programmes
and to carry them out because plans,
policies and programmes cannot work
themselves. He mobilize the work force,
engages them to get higher performance
and coordinates their efforts: and it is all to
utilize the available manpower effectively
so as to get highest output with minimum
human cost.

7. Creating Conducive Work Environment

Leadership primarily aims at creating congenial

and proper environment in work setting so that the
employees can make the maximum contribution
for seeking the objectives of organization. The
leader maintains rapport and with the followers has
reciprocal relations with them which help in
creating an environment of mutual help and trust.
The followers has a blind faith in the leadership
and they firmly believe that whatever the leader
does is good for common interest for the group.

8. Building Employees Morale

Good leadership is indispensable to high
employee morale. The leader shapes the
thinking and attitude of the group. He
develops good human relations and
facilitates interactions between the
members of the group. He maintains
volunteer cooperation and discipline among
followers.

9. Fulfilling Social Responsibilities

Only an effective leadership only can be able to get
the work done effectively. It is a well- known fact
that a well- satisfied worker will help serving the
organisation interest in his first preference under a
good leadership. Good management or leadership
is always concerned with the need satisfaction of
his workforce which in turn, provides higher
standard of living to workers, higher productivity
and production to the organisation, lower prices to
consumers, higher national product and increased
revenue to the nation, and a fair return to the
investors.

10. Representing of Members

The leader is a representative of his group
and takes initiative in all matters of interest,
to the group and attempts to fulfill the
psychological needs of the subordinates.

11. Providing Guidance

A leader guides the subordinates for
better
performance
towards
the
achievements of organizational objective.
He is available for advice whenever a
subordinate faces any problem.76 Thus
good leadership is essential in all aspects
of managerial functions where it be
motivation, communication, cooperation,
guidance or direction

Functions of Leadership

1.Setting Goals
2.Motivating Employees
3.Building morale
4.Creating Confidence
5.Discipline
6.Developing Team-work
7.Facilitates Change
8.Representing the group

A Question

A leader need not be a manager but a

manager must have many of the
qualities of a good leader?????

Managerial Leadership

Leadership

Management

Working on the system

Working in the system

Create opportunities

React

Seek opportunities

Control risks

Change organizational rules

Enforce organizational rules

Provide a vision to believe in

and strategic alignment

Seek and then follow direction

Motivate people by satisfying

basic human needs

Control people by pushing

them in the right direction

Inspire achievement and

energize people

Coordinate effort

Coach followers, create selfleaders and empower them

Provide instructions

Leadership Traits
Intelligence
More intelligent
than non-leaders
Scholarship
Knowledge
Being able to get
things done

Physical
Doesnt seem to be
correlated

Personality

Verbal facility
Honesty
Initiative
Aggressive
Self-confident
Ambitious
Originality
Sociability
Adaptability

TYPES OF LEADERS
1) Intellectual leaders:
As the term implies, intellectual leaders are those who
win the confidence of the followers by their superior
intellect or knowledge. Nearly in all big organizations,
there are experts whose advice is sought on matters in
which they are experts.
He may be a purchase specialist, a production expert, a
job analyst or an advertising specialist.
Regardless of his function, he is able to get results
through others because his superior knowledge.

2) Democratic Leaders:
A democratic leader is one who acts
according to the wishes of his followers. He
does what the group wants. He follows the
majority opinion as expressed by his group.
He holds his leadership position because he
is loyal to his group, is always concerned
with their interests, is friendly and helpful to
them and is always ready to defend them,
individually and collectively.

3) Autocratic Leaders:
Such a leader dominates and drives is
group through coercion, command and the
instilling of fear in his followers.
Such leaders prefer the use of power in
promoting their own ends .They never like
to delegate their power for the fear that
they may lose their authority in this way.

4) Persuasive Leaders:
The persuasive leader possesses magnetic
personality that enables him to influence his
followers to join him in doing things.
He is the type who can say,

Lets go, guys

and the whole group responds because they
love and respect him, have confidence in him.

5) Creative Leaders:
The creative leader uses the technique of circular
response so ably described by Follett to encourage
ideas to flow from the group to him as well as from him
to the group.
He draws out the best in his followers without exerting
an undue personal influence on the people.
The
creative
controls
through
united,voluntary,enthusiastic activities by the members
of his group directed by him towards specific goals
which are satisfactory and worthwhile to all.

6) Institutional Leaders:
All institutional leader holds his position because
of force of prestige attached to his office. The
position he holds enables him to influence his
followers, sometimes because of the habits of
obedience that certain followers have sometimes
because of respect for the position and beyond
that for the enterprise as a whole and sometimes
because of the dependence of the subordinate
upon his superior for certain benefits.

Approaches
To
Leadership
Traits

Transactional:

It focuses on improving the current situation of the organization by

framing the steps and controlling the organizationalactivities. The
basic purpose of this type of leadership is to revamp the existing
corporate culture and to enhance current policies & procedures.
In 1947, the style was first proposed by Max Weber followed by
Bernard Bass in the year 1981.
In this leadership style, the leader uses his authority and
responsibility as his power as well as the style has a formal approach.
Prize and penalties are the two primary tools employed by the leader
to inspire his subordinates i.e. if an employee achieves the target
within the stipulated time he is giveninitiative for his work, whereas if
the task is not completed within the required time, then he will be
penalized for the same.

Transformational Leadership:
The style of leadership in which the leader uses his influencing power and
enthusiasm to motivate his followers to work for the benefit of the organization.
Here, the leader seeks the requirement for a change in the existing organization
culture, gives a vision to his subordinates, incorporates mission and implement
the change with the dedication of his followers.
In transformational leadership, the leader acts as a role model and as a
motivator too who offers vision, excitement, encouragement, morale
andsatisfaction to the followers. The leader inspires his people to increase their
abilities and capabilities, build up self-confidence and promotes innovation in the
whole organization.
James Mac Gregor Burns first proposed the concept of this leadership style in the
year 1978. The main idea of this leadership style is that boththe superior and
subordinate work for lifting each other for improving their morale and
motivation.

Transactional leadership Vs.

Transformational Leadership

BASIS FOR
COMPARIS
ON

TRANSACTIONAL
LEADERSHIP

TRANSFORMATIONAL
LEADERSHIP

Meaning

A leadership style in which the

A leadership style that employs
leader employs charisma and
rewards and punishments for
enthusiasm to inspire his
motivating
followers
is
followers is Transformational
Transactional Leadership.
Leadership.

Concept

Leader lays emphasis on his

relation with followers.

Leader lays emphasis on the

values, ideals, morals and
needs of the followers.

Nature

Reactive

Proactive

Best suited
for

Settled Environment

Turbulent Environment

Style

Bureaucratic

How many leaders are

Only one
there in a group?

Charismatic

More than One

Focused on

Planning and
Execution

Innovation

Motivational tool

Attracting followers
by putting their own
self interest in the
first place.

Stimulating followers
by setting group
interest as a priority.

Works for

Developing the existing

organizational culture.

Changing the existing

organizational culture.