TheGuzman,

Gap in
Our
Pack, & Webb
Narrative
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Introduction
Initiating change through awareness
perceptions and behaviors

1 in 5 women and 1 in 16 men

raped while in college

Other Researchers

factors that affect behavior of males in rape

scenarios

The Gap in Our Narrative

how aware are men of the factors that affect

them?
Focus and Reinforce
Language, Situation, and Emotion

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Literature
Review
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Language

Word Choice of Law, Researchers, and Programs

force VS rape
change in responses from men

Permissive Instructions
normalizing language = disinhibition between rape and
consent cues
Arousal to force, violence, and nonconsent did not
equal intent to act
Increased difficulty in differentiating between rape and
consent cues

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Situation

Presence of Alcohol

Alcohol- 1/2 of the 25% of sexual assaults against women

Barbaree, Marshall, Yates, and Lightfoot (1983)effect of alcohol on a males physical arousal to rape and consent
cues
In this respect, the intoxicated non-offenders were behaving like
rapists we have tested.

Excusability of Perpetrator

Heavily drinking
Substantial relationship with the victim

Victim Blaming

past criminal records/ poor reputation

Homosexuality
BJWS

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Emotion

Societal Pressures
Men taught to suppress their emotion
Not to seek help
Stereotypes
independent, emotionally in control, tough
Language phrases: Men dont cry and Be a man
Men believe expression of emotion is abnormal
Long-term Negative effects
Men deal with emotion in negative ways:
-substance abuse, partner abuse, or other sexually aggressive
behaviors
Men suffer from undiagnosed and untreated mental issues
unhealthy hiding of emotions/ misdirection or negative emotions
males having more issues discerning between rape and consent
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Methods

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Methods

Population

college age males

advertise for volunteers and/or work in conjunction with
a department on campus
seek 10-15 participants
non-probability and not random

Research Design
Informed Consent
sensitive nature of the topic
voluntary participation and confidentiality

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Methods

Research Design

Interview Setup/Process
Office Style
Audio Record to be Transcribed
Blind interviewer (probing questions but no background on the
study itself)
Verbatim requirement for vignettes and questions
Randomized question order to avoid leading

Why this method?

Determine if most men are aware of the factors that affect their
behavior
Vignette establishes factors and questions determine if the men
notice them
Detailed responses from willing participants

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Methods

Research Design

Reviewing the Responses: Did the participant...

Mention the key factors established by the vignette
More focus on the victim or perpetrator
Opinion on the factors brought up and its effects
Unexpected factors brought up by the participants

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Methods: Vignette & Question

Vignette 1:
Bob
Example
has been trying to make some gains in the gym. After a good work out, hes

feeling confident and flirts with an attractive woman at the gym, but she rudely rejects
him and mocks his performance. Bob feels slighted but recovers quickly and decides to
go out with friends that night to cheer up. He meets another gorgeous girl and chats her
up, but she also rejects him. Feeling frustrated, Bob decides to go home. Later in the
week, Bob has had a rough time and is irritable and temperamental. He runs into Kris
late at night at one of his usual stops. To try and bring his mood back, he talks with her
a bit and things are going well, but she turns him down when he asks for her number.
Bob is pissed and snaps at her. When she fights back, he forces her to somewhere
private and makes her have sex with him.
Initial Question: From your perspective, what factors affected the outcome of the
situation in this scenario?

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Methods: Vignette & Question

Probing Questions: (if not answered in the above response)
Example
What factors affected the behavior of (Bob)?
What factors affected the behavior of (Kris)?
What could have prevented the outcome of the scenario?
(DO NOT mention these factors if they are NOT brought up unassisted by the
PARTICIPANT)
(if answer mentions one of the following, ask the following questions)
Alcohol, influence of a peer, language (i.e. he/she said X so I think.),
relationship (he/she is dating him/her, they are together, etc), emotion
(anger, jealousy, sadness, loneliness, desperation, etc), or any factor
that the participant did not explain in detail.
X = factor from the list above
If X was not involved, how do you think the outcome would have been
affected?
Why do you think that?
How much do you think the presence of X affected the outcome?
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Limitations

quality of responses v. quantity of responses

lack generalizability across population
interpretation of the responses varied
Finding volunteers and gathering participants
interrater reliability issues
tested and reliable surveys

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TheGuzman,
Gap in
Our
Pack, & Webb
Narrative
Template by