THE LINGUISTICS OF

SECOND LANGUAGE
ACQUISITION
BY:
MUSLIKAN

LINGUISTICS...
?

LANGUAGE
?

Linguistics is a
study of
language

Language is a
mean of
communication
with several
characteristics

THE CHARACTERISTICS OF
LANGUAGE
Arbitrary

Systematic

Symbolic

Social

Etc.

EARLY APPROACH IN SLA

Contrastive
Analysis (CA)

Error
Analysis
(EA)

Morpheme
Order

Interlanguage

Monitor Model

CONTRASTIVE ANALYSIS
(CA)
Predicting and explaining
learner problems

Based on comparison of L1 and

L2
to determine similarities and
differences
to increase efficiency in L2
teaching and testing.

ERROR ANALYSIS (EA)

including an internal focus on
learners creative ability to construct
language.
Based on the description and analysis of
actual learner errors in L2rather than on
idealized linguistic structures attributed
to native
speakers of L1 and L2 (as in CA)

INTERLANGUA
GE
It refers to intermediate states of a
learners language as it moves toward the
target L2.

Systema
tic

Dynamic

Variable

Reduce System
(Form and
Function)

Morpheme Order Studies

English (L1)

Morpheme

Example

English (L2)

Progressive -ing

He is talking

Plural -s

There are two cats

Past Irregular

We ate

Possessive s

The childs toy

Article a/the

The cat

Past Regular ed

They talked

Third person s

He sings

Copula be

Hes tall

Auxiliary be

Shes singing

MONITOR
MODEL
a collection of five hypotheses which
constitute
major claims and assumptions about how the
L2 code is acquired.

Acquisitio
n-Learning
Hypothesi
s

Natural
Monitor
Order
Hypothesi
Hypothesi
s
s
Affective
Input
Filter
hypothesi
Hypothesi
s
s

ACQUISITION-LEARNING
HYPOTHESIS
ACQUISITION

SUBSCONCIOUS

CONSCIOUS

LEARNING

MONITO
R
HYPOTH
ESIS

What is learned is available only as a

monitor, for purposes of editing or
making changes in what has already
been produced.

NATURAL
ORDER
HYPOTHESI
S

Learners acquire the rules of language

in a
predictable order.

INPUT
HYPOTH
ESIS

Language acquisition takes place

because there is
comprehensible input. If input is
understood, and if there is enough
of it, the necessary grammar is
automatically provided.

non-linguistic
variables such as
motivation, selfconfidence,
self-efficacy, and
anxiety, etc.
facilitating or
preventing
comprehensible
input from reaching
the language
acquisition device
(LAD).

AFFECTI
VE
FILTER

Failed
in LA

affective
variables : fear,
nervousness,
boredom, and
resistance to
change can effect
the acquisition of a
second language by
preventing
information about
the second
language from
reaching the
language areas of
the mind.

Succe
ss in
LA

THANKS FOR YOUR

CONSIDERATION