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Environmental Impact

Assessment
EIA

Terminology
Environmental Inventory is a complete
description of the environment as it exists in an
area where a particular proposed action is being
considered
Impact is the effect of an action on the
environment
Environment all aspects of the surroundings of
human beings, whether affecting human beings as
individuals or in social groupings

Terminology
Environmental Assessment (EA) is a
concise report that serves to briefly
provide sufficient evidence and analysis
for determining whether to prepare a
detailed report called an Environmental
Impact Statement (EIS) or a finding of no
significant impact

Terminology
EIA refers to a systematic process for
examining / analyzing the environmental
and social consequences, both positive
and negative, associated with a proposed
activity and recommending appropriate
measures to eliminate or minimize the
adverse impacts and thus maximize the
positive gains

Why is EIA?
The primary purpose of the EIA process is
to encourage the consideration of the
environment in planning and decision
making and to ultimately arrive at actions
which are more environmentally
compatible

Why is EIA?
Therefore it is easy to identify :
The most environmentally suitable option at
an early stage
The best practicable environmental options
Alternative processes

Life Cycle EIA (LEIA)


Life cycle EIA is a procedure for evaluating
the environmental impacts of a product,
process or activity, throughout its whole
life cycle; a vertical exercise running from
cradle to grave

Life Cycle EIA (LEIA)


The main purposes of LEIA are :
to assess the environmental effects of the
retrieval and consumption of the raw materials
and other inputs during the different life cycle
phases of a product, process or activity
including the fate of all pollutants and
residuals;

Life Cycle EIA (LEIA)


Purposes of LEIA (Continued):
to assess the disposal problem, if any, of the
superseded product, process or activity;
to provide information useful for an
aggregated EIA of products, processes and
activities, throughout the life cycle;

Life Cycle EIA (LEIA)


Purposes of LEIA (Continued):
to evaluate the environmental consequences
of alternative processes and design concepts,
permitting a comparison between products,
processes and activities.

Process Activity of EIA


1. Identification of impacts of proposed
2.
3.
4.

action
Description of existing environment
conditions
Procurement of relevant environmental
standards and/or guidelines
Impact prediction

Process Activity of EIA


5. Assessment of impact significance
6. Identification and Incorporation of

mitigation measures.
7. Preparation of an Environmental Impact
Statement EIS

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