Acarology 1

Dr. BAMBANG HERU BUDIANTO, MS.
Drs. HERY PRATIKNYO, MSi.
LAB. ENTOMOLOGI-PARASITOLOGI
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1. Lecture
a) Preface
b) Integument and Moulting
c) Segmentation, musculatur system and legs
d) Respiration system
e) Mouth part
f)
Mouth Adaptation
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g.
h.
i.
j.
k.
l.
Digestion tube, prosoma gland and

digestion system
Excretion and osmoregulation
Reproduction system
Sperma transfer system, mating habits,
and oviposision
Development and distribuion
Acari classification
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Acari collection
Preparation and microscopis study
Laboratorium culture. (Amblyseius sp.)
Life Table
Mating habits
Practical field : Wonosobo ?
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Mid semester (25%)

Terstruktur task (15%)
Practical task (25%)
UAS (25%)
Daily test (10%)
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Gwilym O. Evans, 1992. Principles of

Acarology
Evans, G.O. and W.M. Till (1996),
Mesostigmatic Mites of Britain
and
Ireland (Chelicerata : AcariParasitiformes), An Introduction to Their
External Morphology and Classification,
dalam Agricultural Acarology at Ohio
State Week I. 46th, Acarology Summer
Program, June 23-June 30, 1996. The Ohio
State University.
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Mites (tungau) & Tick (Kutu) : subclass

Acari, class Arachnida, subphylum
Chelicerata, phylum Arthropoda
Subclass Acari : super ordo
Anactinotrichida dan superordo
Actinotrichida
Superordo Anactinotrichida (Parasitiformes)
consist of 4 ordos : Notostigmata,
Holothyrida, Ixodida dan Mesostigmata
Superordo Actinotrichida (Acariformes)
consist of 3 ordos : Ordo Prostigmata,
Astigmata dan Oribatida
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The bigest group and variation

Main competitor of insect in colonizing of
habitat (terestrial and aquatik)
Population spread widely : forest, savana
and organic debris, organic land layers,
food storage (cereals, fish, dried fruits)
etc.
Pest: on human needs
Predator : developing for pest control
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Polyaspis sp.
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Specific epidermis cell is speciali zed to

spesific function skin gland
There are 3 kinds of skin gland with
difference activities : skin gland A(big size),
skin gland B (the smallest) and last skin
gland C
Skin gland occurred in part of legs.
Skin gland commonly secret yellowish liquid
or transparant
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Procuticula part often tinned be darker due

to tanning of orthoquinon
Tanning process is produced by unsoluble
protein and very resisten namely sklerotin
This process called as sclerotisation.
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Pale color
Green color: fitofagus mite
Redish brown : haematofag mite
color ekstrinsik (eksogen)
Bright : color intrinsik (endogen): red,
orange, yellow, green or bright violet.
Pigment is sored in epidermis cells
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Mitosis process in Epidermis part (A)

Epidermis starts segregate from cuticula ----- apolysis,
to form space exuvial
Secretion of external epicuticula layer via epidermis
cells, foollowed molting enzym activation, that enter
to exuvial space (B)
The old procuticula (endokutikula) digested then
uptake componen of lysis cuticula by epidermis cells.
Deposision of inner epicuticula and forming the crease
by invagination process on apical epidermis surface. (C)
Deposision of procuticula and forming pore canal : size
of epidermis cells be smaller (D)
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1.
A.
SEGMENTATION :
Arachnida
Soma : 2 tagmata namely Anterior
Prosoma (cephalothorak) dan Posterior
opisthosoma (abdomen)
Anterior Prosoma c.o. 6 segmen (I-VI),
segmen I : chelicerae, II : pedipalpus, III-VI :
4 pairs of legs.
Prosoma dorsal surface layed by
carapacs/peltidium. exp : Araneae,
Scorpion, Amblypygi
Opisthosoma : c.o 13 segments (scorpion)
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Gnathosoma : chelicerae and pedipalpus

Idiosoma : segmentation tends none
Segmentastion indicator shows by :
Organula cuticula distribution c.o setae and
pit organs
Exp: : lyrifissures (rod-like pit organ), poroid
( porus-like) and cupula (suction and small
size), all of them are part of moving
detection system.
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Anterior shield : shield yang melapis bagian

dorsal anterior. Disebut juga pronotal,
podonotal
Opisthonotal shield : shield yang melapis bagian
dorsal opisthosoma
Dasar pola segmentasi : - chaetotaksi (banyak
dan distribusi setae); poroidotaksi dan
adenotaksi (lubang kelenjar kulit)
Soma Anactinotrichida berdasar pola
segmentasi tsb terdiri atas pronotal dan
opisthonotal
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j J : dorsocentral
s, S : lateral
r, R : marginal
UR : submarginal
z-Z : mediolateral
Small letter j, s, and r located in pronotal
segment
Big letter J, S and R located in opisthonotal
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Poroidotaksi
:
Dorsal poroid occured 1).pronotal
area (id) 2). Dorsomedia area :
(idm) 3). Dorsolateral (idl)
Poroid +gland hole + tissue sigilla
shows to organogerous area
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Opisthosoma part, from anterior to posterior

shows by big letter, namely : C, D, E, F, H, PS
(pseudoanal), AD (adanal) dan PA (peranal)
Segmentation system in opishosoma part
follwed the name of satae.
Setae in segmen D called ia; E : im; F : ip; H : ih;
PS : ips; AD : iad
Furthermore, subseri setae, there are in
Segmen C : c1; c2; c3. D : d1; d2. E : e1; e2
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1.
Gnathosoma tissue
2. Idiosoma tissue
3. Visceral tissue
4. Legs tessue
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Idiosoma tissue: come from dorsal part, then

insertion on the ventral wall.
suspentori endosternit tissue
intertergal tissue
Longitudinal tissue
the place where tissue cling to integumen
idiosoma Mesostigmata, called : sigilla
Distribution of many sigilla : sigillotaksi
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Larvae
: 3 pairs
Nimfa and imago: 4 pairs
Legs c.o 7 podomere
(=segment, articel) namely :
coxa, trochanter, femur, genu
(=patella), tibia, tarsus and
apotele
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Acarology 1

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Dr. BAMBANG HERU BUDIANTO, MS.

Drs. HERY PRATIKNYO, MSi.

Digestion tube, prosoma gland and

Mid semester (25%)

Gwilym O. Evans, 1992. Principles of

Mites (tungau) & Tick (Kutu) : subclass

The bigest group and variation

Specific epidermis cell is speciali zed to

Procuticula part often tinned be darker due

Mitosis process in Epidermis part (A)

Gnathosoma : chelicerae and pedipalpus

Anterior shield : shield yang melapis bagian

Opisthosoma part, from anterior to posterior

Idiosoma tissue: come from dorsal part, then

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