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MaDe BySiDdHaRtH
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TheVietnam War(Vietnamese:Chin
tranh Vit Nam), also known as
theSecond Indochina War,[52]and known
in Vietnam asresistance War Against
America(Vietnamese:Khng chin
chng M) or simply theAmerican War,
was a war that occurred invietnam,
Laos,
andCambodiafrom 1 November
1955[A 1]to thefall of Saigonon 30 April

France began its conquest ofIndochinain the late

1850s, and completed pacification by 1893.[71][72][73]The
1884 Treaty of Huformed the basis for French colonial
rule in Vietnam for the next seven decades. In spite of
military resistance, most notably by thecn Vngof
Phan nh Phng, by 1888 the area of the current-day
nations of Cambodia and Vietnam was made into ssthe
colony offrench Indochina(Laos was later added to the
colony).[74]Various Vietnamese opposition movements
to French rule existed during this period, such as the
Vit Nam Quc Dn ngwho staged the failedyn Bi
mutinyin 1930, but none were ultimately as successful
as theViet Minhcommon front, which was founded in
1941, controlled by theIndochinese Communist Party,
and funded by the U.S. and thechinese Nationalist Party
in its fight against Imperial Japanese occupation.[75][A
4]

During the Vietnam War, American

women served on active duty doing a
variety of jobs. Early in 1963, the
Army Nurse Corps(ANC) launched
Operation Nightingale, an intensive
effort to recruit nurses to serve in
Vietnam. Most nurses who
volunteered to serve in Vietnam came
from predominantly working or
middle-class families with histories of
military service. The majority of these
women were white Catholics and
Protestants.[349]Because the need for

Unlike the American women who went to

Vietnam, North Vietnamese women were
enlisted and fought in the combat zone as well
as providing manual labor to keep theho
Chi Minh trailopen and cook for the soldiers.
They also worked in the rice fields in North
Vietnam and Viet Cong-held farming areas in
South Vietnam's Mekong Delta region to provide
food for their families and the war effort. Women
were enlisted in both the North Vietnamese
Army (NVA) and the Viet Cong guerrilla insurgent
force in South Vietnam. Some women also
served for the North Vietnamese and Viet Cong

The war saw more than one million rural

people migrate or flee the fighting in the
South Vietnamese countryside to the
cities, especially Saigon. Among the
internal refugees were many young
women who became the ubiquitous
"bargirls" of wartime South Vietnam
"hawking her wares be that cigarettes,
liquor, or herself" to American and allied

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