TYPES OF MATERIAL HANDLING SYSTEM

A)MANUAL HANDLING

B)MECHANICAL HANDLING
A-Labourer acts as a handling device in bringing
the raw materials to the operator and carrying
away the finished goods. Material handling boxes
,bags and trays

MECHANICAL HANDLING

There can be 3 major divisions of handling equipment

1.Lifting & lowering devices(vertical motion)

2.Transporting devices(horizontal motion)
3.Combination devices(Lifting & lowering + Transportation)
4.Overhead movements of materials

LIFTING & LOWERING DEVICES

Lifting &lowering devices(vertical motion)

includes the following

1.Block & Tackle

2.Winches
3.Hoists
4.Elevators
5.Pillar crane
6.Overhead crane

BLOCK & TACKLE

Lifting

load
through a
vertical distance
Oldest one &
simple methods
Depends on man
power(needs
more man
power)

WINCHES

Used to lift loads vertically by winding the

rope or cable on a drum
Greater mechanical advantages with block
and tackle
Used in loading heavy equipment into ships,
construction equipment in buildings.

HOISTS

Operated between fixed rails, for lifting things

vertically
There are an infinite variety of hoists suitable
for different purpose

Operated by compressed air or by electric

power.

PILLAR CRANE(JIB CRANE)

It may be stationary or mobile type

Used for light duty and for lifting loads up to 20 tonnes

A jib or inclined beam is fixed up or lower down the load
with the help of rope & pulley arrangement

Movements to the crane are provided by gearing &

electric motor drive.

OVERHEAD CRANE

Today all big workshops such as

foundary,power house chemical plants etc
have these cranes

Advantage of providing large service area

ELEVATORS

TRANSPORTING DEVICES
1.Hand truck
2.Wheeler or box truck
3.Narrow gauge mine rail road
4.Trailers

TRAILERS

HAND
TRUCK

BOX TRUCK

Narrow gauge
mine rail road

COMBINATION DEVICES
Spiral chute
Crane truck
Dolly
Low lift truck
Steel pallet
Air conveyor
Car conveyor
Wheel gravity conveyor
Escalator
Roller conveyor
Screw conveyor
Roller spiral conveyor
Portable conveyor
Pneumatic tube conveyor

Dolly

Spiral chute

Crane truck

Steel pallet

Air conveyor

car conveyor

Escalator

Roller conveyor

Screw
conveyor

Low lift truck

Wheel gravity conveyor

Roller spiral conveyor

Portable
conveyor

Pneumatic
tube conveyor

OVER HEAD MOVEMENTS

Jib cranes
Overhead skid plant
Monorails
Bridge cranes
Gantry cranes

Monorails

Bridge cranes

Gantry cranes

IN GENERAL 4 BASIC TYPES OF M H

EQUIPMENT'S
Conveyors
Cranes & hoists
Trucks
Auxiliary equipment's

Conveyors
1.Roller conveyor
2.Trolley conveyor
3.Belt conveyor
4.Bucket conveyor
5.Chute conveyor
6.Pneumatic conveyor

Roller conveyor

Trolley
conveyor

Belt conveyor

Bucket
conveyor

CRANES AND HOISTS

1.OVERHEAD TRAVELLING CRANE
2.GANTRY CRANE
3.JIB CRANE
4.HOIST CRANE
5.STACKER CRANE
6.MONORAIL

TRUCKS
Lift truck
Platform truck
Two wheel hand truck
Tractor trailer truck
Hard stacker
Walkie truck

Lift truck

Platform
truck

Tractor trailer
truck

Hard stacker

Two wheel
hand truck

Walkie truck

AUXILIARY EQUIPMENT'S
Pallets
Skids
Containers
Hook devices for cranes
Lift truck attachments
Positioners
Ramps
Weighting equipments

CONSIDERATIONS IN MATERIAL
HANDLING SYSTEM DESIGN
1. Material Characteristics
Category
Physical state
Size
Weight
Shape
Condition
Safety risk and risk of
damage

Measures
Solid, liquid, or gas
Volume; length, width, height
Weight per piece, weight per unit volume
Long and flat, round, square, etc.
Hot, cold, wet, etc.
Explosive, flammable, toxic; fragile, etc.

CONSIDERATIONS CONT.
2. Flow rate
Quantity of
material
moved

High
Low

Conveyors

Conveyors
AGV train

Manual handling
Hand trucks

Powered trucks
Unit load AGV

Short

Long

Move Distance

CONSIDERATIONS CONT.
3. Plant Layout
Layout Type

Characteristics

Typical MH Equipment

Fixed position

Large product size, low

production rate

Cranes, hoists, industrial

trucks

Process

Variation in product and

processing, low and
medium production rates

Hand trucks, forklift trucks,

AGVs

Product

Limited product variety,

high production rate

Conveyors for product flow,

trucks to deliver
components to stations.

FACTORS IN TRANSPORTING

Key factors to consider in selecting means of transport:

physical

characteristics of loads

the

number of loads to be moved

the

distance to be moved

the

required speed of movement.

Other factors which influence the means of transport:

cost

of building/dismantling loads

packaging
space

costs

requirements

interface

with other storage, transport and handling systems

housekeeping

issues.

STORAGE
1.

Storage: The proper arrangement of materials prevents

falling or the collapsing of structures.

A. All materials stored in tiers

shall be stacked, racked,
blocked, interlocked, or
otherwise secured to prevent
sliding, falling or collapse.
B. Maximum safe load limits of floors within buildings and structures
in pounds per square foot, shall be conspicuously posted in all
storage areas, except for floor or slab on grade. Maximum safe
loads shall not be exceeded.
2

C.
Aisles and passageways shall be kept
clear to provide for the free and safe movement of material
handling equipment or employees. Such
areas shall be kept in good repair.
D. When a difference in road or working levels exists, means
such as ramps, blocking, or grading shall be used to ensure
the safe movement of vehicles between the two levels
E.

Material stored inside buildings under

construction shall not be placed within 6 feet
of any hoist way or inside floor openings, nor
within 10 feet of an exterior wall which does
not extend above the top of the material stored.

STORAGE..
F. Each employee required to
work on stored material in
silos, hoppers, tanks, and
similar storage areas shall
be equipped with personal
fall arrest equipment.
G. Non compatible
materials shall be
segregated in storage.

Operating Engineers National

Hazmat Program

MATERIALS STORAGE

Stored material precautions (cont.)

Employees in silos, hopers or tanks equipped
with lifeline and safety harness
Bound material stacked, on racks, blocked or
interlocked to keep it from sliding, falling or
collapsing
Don't exceed load capacity for the structure

Post load limits

Stacking

height

Mark walls or posts to indicate maximum height

27

LUMBER AND BRICK STORAGE

Lumber

Maximum

stack height

16 feet (manual handling)

20 feet (forklift)

Remove nails from used lumber

Stacks stable and self-supporting

Bricks

Maximum 7 feet high

Above 4 feet, taper stacks

Lumber storage

2 inches per foot

28

BLOCK AND BAG STORAGE

Masonry blocks
Above

6 feet , taper stacks 2 block per tier

Bags and bundles

Stack in interlocking rows

Step back at least every 10 layers
Remove from top of stack first
Keep baled paper and rags at least

10
inches from walls, ceilings, or sprinkler
heads
Block storage

29

BOX AND DRUM STORAGE

Boxed materials
Hold

in place using cross-ties, or shrink

plastic

Block cylindrical material (bars, poles,

etc.)
Use bins or shelves for materials that
cannot be stacked

Box storage

30

BOX AND DRUM STORAGE

Drums, barrels, kegs

Stack symmetrically
If stored on side, block

bottom

tiers to prevent rolling

If stacked on ends, use
planks, pallets, etc. between
each tier

Drum storage

31

STORAGE..
H. Bagged materials shall be stacked by stepping back
the layers and cross-keying the bags at least every 10 bags
high.
I. Materials shall not be stored on scaffolds or
runways
in excess of supplies needed for immediate operations
J. In buildings under construction, materials must not
be
placed within 6 feet of a hoistway or floor opening.

Operating Engineers National

Hazmat Program

STORAGE..

J. Brick stacks shall not be more

than 7 ft. in height (stepped back

2 inches per ft. after 4 ft. in height)
K. Masonry block stacks tiered after 6 ft. in height
(stepped back 1/2 block after 6 ft. in height)
L. Lumber piles shall not exceed 20 ft. in height
(shall not exceed 16 ft. if stacked manually)
Operating Engineers National
Hazmat Program

Materials Storage

When masonry blocks are stacked higher than 6

feet
The

stack should be tapered back one-half block per

tier above the 6-foot level.

MATERIALS STORAGE

Storage of lumber

Remove nails before

Stacked level and on sills

Stack lumber so that it is

and self supporting

Piles not to exceed 20 feet

16 feet if handled manually

stacking

stable

MATERIALS STORAGE

Structural steel, pipe, bar stock, etc., unless racked,

must be stacked and blocked to prevent spreading or
tilting.

HOUSEKEEPING

Storage areas must be kept free from accumulation of

materials that create hazards from:

Tripping

Fire

Explosion

Pest harborage

DOCKBOARDS

Positive protection must be provided to prevent

railroad cars from moving during loading or
unloading operations.

DISPOSAL OF WASTE MATERIALS

All scrap lumber, waste material, and rubbish must be

removed from the immediate work area as work progresses.
Disposal of waste material or
debris by burning shall comply
with local fire regulations.
All solvent waste, oily rags, and
flammable liquids must be kept
in fire resistant covered containers
until removed from worksite.