Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Planning
By John Paul J. Del Mundo
Introduction
Family planning in some countries implies
birth control and family limitation. However, in
the Philippines, family planning connotes
none of these, for birth control and family
limitation could mean the practice of abortion,
infanticide and the killing of the aged and
firm. More synonymous with the concept of
the family planning in the Philippines is
contraception and planned or responsible
parenthood.
Religious View
All the major religions of the world believe in
the guiding principle that a couple has the
right to limit family size. However, continuing
disagreement are still present over which
methods are acceptable and which are not.
Religious Views
Secular Views
Majority Group
The majority group feels that there is really a
need for family planning and that the
government and the Roman Catholic Church
should support the governments family
planning project.
Secular Views
Minority Group
Some minority groups, particularly traditionalist,
feel that the family planning in the developing world
would inevitably lead to collapse of the family moral
fiber and that it would encourage parents to limit
their children for frivolous and selfish reasons.
They also fear that the parents would trade
responsibility of a large number of children for the
opportunity of acquiring the needless gadgetry of
an advancing consumer economy.
2. Availability
A person cannot practice family
planning unless the means to it are
available. Contraceptives are generally
known to the individual, however, the
individual must have the resources to
obtain them.
3. Values, Motivation and Needs
The persons decision to practice
family planning depends on his felt
need for it.
4. Social Support
the social and psychological
surroundings of the person exert a powerful
influence on the lifestyle of the persons.
What is RH Bill?
The Reproductive Health (RH) bill promotes
information on and access to both natural and
modern family planning methods, which are
medically safe and legally permissible.
It proposes that the Philippine government and
the private sector will fund and undertake
widespread distribution of family planning
devices such as condoms, birth control pills
(BCPs) and IUDs.
What is RH Bill?
It assures an enabling environment where
women and couples have the freedom of
informed choice on the mode of family planning
they want to adopt based on their needs,
personal convictions and religious beliefs. The
bill does not have any bias for or against either
natural or modern family planning. Both modes
are contraceptive methods. Their common
purpose is to prevent unwanted pregnancies.
COVERAGE OF RH BILL
1. Information and access to natural and modern
family planning.
2. Maternal, infant and child health and nutrition.
3. Promotion of breast feeding.
4. Prevention of abortion and management of
post-abortion complications.
5. Adolescent and youth health.
6. Prevention and management of reproductive
tract infections, HIV/AIDS and STDs.
COVERAGE OF RH BILL
7.
Elimination of violence against women.
8.
Counseling on sexuality and sexual and
reproductive health.
9.
Treatment of breast and reproductive tract
cancers.
10. Male involvement and participation in RH.
11. Prevention and treatment of infertility.
12. Age-appropriate reproductive health and
sexuality education from fifth grade to high school.
Contraceptive Methods
1. The Birth Control Pills
Decreases incidence of
ovarian cysts
Prevents ovarian and
uterine cancer
Decreases acne
Side-effects
Breast tenderness
Nausea
Increase in
headaches
Moodiness
Weight change
Spotting
2. Depo- Provera
Birth control shot given once every three
months to prevent pregnancy
99.7% effective preventing pregnancy
No daily pills to remember
SIDE EFFECTS
Extremely irregular menstrual bleeding and
spotting for 3-6 months!
3. IMPLANTS
Implants are placed in the body filled with
hormone that prevents pregnancy
Physically inserted in simple 15 minute
outpatient procedure
Plastic capsules the size of paper
matchsticks inserted under the skin in the
arm
99.95% effectiveness rate
Norplant I
Six capsules
Five years
vs.
Norplant II
Two capsules
Three years
Norplant Implant
Norplant Considerations
Should be considered long term birth
control
Requires no upkeep
Extremely effective in pregnancy
prevention > 99%
4. Emergency Contraception
Emergency contraception pills can
reduce the chance of a pregnancy by
75% if taken within 72 hours of
unprotected sex!
Emergency Contraception
(ECP)
Must be taken within 72 hours of the act of
unprotected intercourse or failure of
contraception method
Must receive ECP from a physician
75 84% effective in reducing pregnancy
ECP
Floods the ovaries with high amount of
hormone and prevents ovulation
Alters the environment of the uterus,
making it disruptive to the egg and sperm
Two sets of pills taken exactly 12 hours
apart
SIDE EFFECTS
an earlier or later, heavier or lighter period
than usual.
breast tenderness, dizziness, or
headaches, and
nausea or vomiting. If you vomit within two
hours of taking the pill(s), it won't be
effective and you need to take it again.
5. BARRIER METHODS
Prevents pregnancy blocks the egg and
sperm from meeting
Barrier methods have higher failure rates
than hormonal methods due to design and
human error
Spermicides
Male Condom
Diaphragm
Cervical Cap
SPERMICIDES
Spermicides are chemical contraceptives that kill
or immobilize the sperms after their entry into
the vagina and womb.
Different forms:
-Jelly
-Film
-Foam
-Suppository
Some work instantly, others require pre-insertion
Only 76% effective (used alone), should be used
in combination with another method i.e.,
condoms
SPERMICIDES
CONDOMS
The condoms is a synthetic rubber
sheath worn over the penis during
copulation to prevent the sperm from
entering the female womb.
MALE CONDOM
Most common and effective barrier
method when used properly
Latex and Polyurethane should only be
used in the prevention of pregnancy and
spread of STIs (including HIV)
MALE CONDOM
Perfect effectiveness rate = 97%
Typical effectiveness rate = 88%
Latex and polyurethane condoms are
available
Combining condoms with spermicides
raises effectiveness levels to 99%
DIAPRAGHM
Perfect Effectiveness Rate = 94%
Typical Effectiveness Rate = 80%
Latex barrier placed inside vagina during
intercourse
Fitted by physician
Spermicidal jelly before insertion
Inserted up to 18 hours before intercourse
and can be left in for a total of 24 hours
DIAPHRAGM
CERVICAL CAP
Latex barrier inserted in vagina before
intercourse
Caps around cervix with suction
Fill with spermicidal jelly prior to use
Can be left in body for up to a total of 48 hours
Must be left in place six hours after sexual
intercourse
Perfect effectiveness rate = 91%
Typical effectiveness rate = 80%
6. INTRAUTERINE DEVICES
(IUD)
T-shaped object placed in the uterus to
prevent pregnancy
Must be on period during insertion
A Natural childbirth required to use
IUD
Extremely effective without using
hormones > 97 %
Must be in monogamous relationship
1 year
98% effective
T shaped plastic that
releases hormones over
a one year time frame
Thickens mucus, blocking
egg
Check string before sex &
after shedding of uterine
lining.
STERILIZATION
Sterilizations a form of contraception which
involves the permanent cutting or tying of
fallopian tube or vas deferens to prevent
meeting the egg and the sperm.
Procedure performed on a man or a woman
permanently sterilizes
Female = Tubal Ligation
Male = Vasectomy
TUBAL LIGATION
Surgical procedure performed on a
woman
Fallopian tubes are cut, tied, cauterized,
prevents eggs from reaching sperm
Failure rates vary by procedure, from
0.8%-3.7%
May experience heavier periods
LAPAROSCOPY-BAND-AID
STERILIZATION
VASECTOMY
Male sterilization procedure
Ligation of Vas Deferens tube
No-scalpel technique available
Faster and easier recovery than a tubal
ligation
Failure rate = 0.1%, more effective than
female sterilization
VASECTOMY
7. METHODS BASED ON
INFORMATION
Withdrawal
Natural Family Planning
Fertility Awareness Method
Rhythm
Abstinence
WITHDRAWAL
Removal of penis from the vagina before
ejaculation occurs
NOT a sufficient method of birth control by
itself
Effectiveness rate is 80% (very
unpredictable in teens, wide variation)
1 of 5 women practicing withdrawal
become pregnant
Very difficult for a male to control
RHYTHM
RHYTHM
There are 3 methods which can be
practiced to determine the safe and
unsafe periods. These are the calendar
method, the temperature method and the
ovulation method.
Abstinence
Only 100% method of birth control
Abstinence is when partners do not
engage in sexual intercourse
Communication between partners is
important for those practicing abstinence
to be successful