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Link Budget
Coverage Scale Estimation
Link Budget
Nominal Maximum
Power Class Tolerance
Output Power
1 +33 dBm +1/-3 dB
2 +27 dBm +1/-3 dB
3 +24 dBm +1/-3 dB
4 +21 dBm 2 dB
Antenna Gain
NodeB antenna gain
During link budget, suppose the directional antenna gain of the
NodeB to 17 dBi and the omni-directional receiving antenna gain to
11 dBi.
In practice, different antennas can be selected in accordance with
different region types and coverage requirements.
UE antenna gain
The UE antenna gain is 0 dBi normally.
Feeder Loss
For a feeder of 30-40 meters long, suppose the total feeder loss to 4
dB (including the connector loss) during link budget.
For a feeder of 40-50 meters long, suppose the total feeder loss to 5
dB (including the connector loss) during link budget.
The feeder loss may decrease the NodeB receiving level and shorten
the coverage radius. Tower amplifiers can be used to compensate the
feeder loss on the uplink.
Processing Gain
Processing gain = Chip rate/Bit rate (PG = W/R)
Different services have different processing gains. As a result, their
service coverage is different.
PG = 25dB
PG = 18dB
PG = 10dB
Voice 12.2 kbps Data 64 kbps Data 384 kbps
NodeB
Eb/No
Power spectrum
Eb/No
required
Subscriber 3
Subscriber 2
Noise Subscriber 1
Eb indicates the signal energy per bit, that is, Eb = S/R where S
indicates signal energy and R indicates service bit rate.
No indicates the noise power spectrum density, that is No = N/W where
W indicates bandwidth (3.84 M) and N indicates noise (total receiving
power except the signal itself).
Eb/No = S W S W = S PG
R
N
= N
X
R N
X
Interference Margin
Typical value: 1~3dB, according to load between 20~50% (uplink).
Rx sensitivity
+ De-spread De-modulation
Thermal Noise
Eb/N0
Eb/N0-PG
Soft Handover Gain
Soft handover gain indicates the gain to overcome slow fading. When
the mobile equipment is located in the soft handover region, multiple
wireless links of soft handover receive signals at the same time, which
decreases the requirement for the shadow fading margin.
Macro diversity gain
Suppose the random variable of propagation loss to , the average value to m, and the
standard deviation to .
Set a loss threshold 1 .
When < 1 , the signals can meet the demodulation requirement of expected
service qualities.
The edge coverage probability equal to or larger than 75% can be represented as:
1 ( m )2
1
Pcov erage Pr ( 1)
2 e
2 2
d 0.75
=8
1 m 0.675 0.675 8 5.4dB
Shadow Fading Margin
Uplink Budget Process
Parameter Symbol
Maximum transmitting power of UE A
UE antenna transmitting gain B
Uplink Budget Process
Link Budget
Coverage Scale Estimation
Calculation of NodeB Coverage Radius
The maximum allowed path loss and radio propagation model that
have been known can be used to conversely deduct the maximum
NodeB coverage radius.
Coverage requirement
For example, Link budget
Maximum allowed path loss
CS64k continuous
coverage Coverage radius
Propagation model
Cell Coverage Radius Calculation
Calculate the cell coverage radius based on a specific propagation
model:
Path loss k1 k2log(d) k3Hms k4log(Hms) k5log(Heff) + k6log(Heff)log(d)
k7(diffraction loss) clutter loss
k1 152.4
k2 44.6
k5 -13.82
k6 -6.55
Heff 30
Calculation of NodeB Coverage Area
9 3
3 S 3R 2 1.95 R 2 S 3R 2
S 3R 2 8 2
2
3 D 3R
D 3R D R
2