TEMS INVESTIGATION

GSM
How do we use it

2002-03-11 1
Performing TEMS Measurements

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TEMS Measurement & Analyzing Process

? Preparations Collect Data Analyze Report

Clear objective Check equipment Save logfile Find problem Give answer
areas to objective
Why should this Get input files Take notes
measurement be Find solutions
Prepare route Monitor
done
External Antenna?

Changes in What should be

Network changed?

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Measurement Will Depend on Objective

? Preparations
Possible Objectives

Clear objective Check equipment Coverage analysis

Why should this
measurement be
Get input files
Trouble shooting
Prepare route
done
External antenna? Scanning
Verify network changes

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Performing Measurements with TEMS
Drive Test
Large areas
Specific areas
Walk Test
Scanning

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Drive Test
- Large area

INPUT
INPUT MEASUREMENT OUTPUT

Acceptance Drive defined Plots & Report

route/area
New sites on air - Signal Strength
Record Logfile
Frequency Re-plan - Quality
Long / Short calls
BSC Re-homing Trouble Report /
Assure no data loss
Area for further
investigation

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Drive Test
- Specific area

INPUT Measurement OUTPUT

Statistics Manipulate Trouble Report

Customer complain - Forced handover - Identified problem

Large area drive test - Lock on to Frequency - Solution

Trouble Report - Layer 3 messages
Analysis on-spot
Rectify & Verify on-spot

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Walk Test

INPUT Measurement OUTPUT

Statistics Add file marks (GPS) Trouble Report

Customer complain Scanning Planning Report
Micro cell planning - Antenna location
Indoor cell planning - Frequency

* TEMS Light is the preferred tool for indoor cell planning

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Scanning

INPUT Measurement OUTPUT

Finding a new TEMS INV in Received SS on

frequency scanning mode different ARFCN
Set ARFCN to scan plot
Area Network
Scanning New frequency

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ANALYZING TEMS MEASUREMENTS

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Post-Processing TEMS Logfiles

Geographical
TEMS Presentation
Logfiles

Statistics
Report

Analysis

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Problem Cases
Low Signal Strength
Interference
Handover
Call Setup Failure
Dropped Call
Misc.

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Signal Strength Case
TEMS
INPUT Logfiles

Large area DT Post-Processing

Specific area DT Analysis

Identify areas with low signal strength e.g. SS < -100dBm (outdoor)
Look at RxLev distribution (for acceptance)
Compare with design level or new requirements

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Signal Strength Case
Possible Reasons
Shadowed Antenna
Antenna Direction
Antenna Height / down tilt
Output Power
Missing Neighbor Relation
Site Location
Faulty Hardware e.g. antenna
Cell is down

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Signal Strength Case
Analysis

Shadowed Antenna Output Power Faulty Hardware

Visit site Check output power Check alarm & BTS Error
Check antenna installation Parameters log

Is there a better antenna BSPWRT - NON BCCH FREQ Visit site

position at same site? BSPWRB - BCCH FREQ

Height/down Tilt Missing Neighbor Site Location

Add reduce down tilt? Is the call dragged? Possible to move site?
Can antenna be placed Is low SS due to missing New antenna location at
lower or higher to give neighbor relations same site? Is it necessary to
better coverage? expand and build a new
site?

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Signal Strength Case
Possible Solutions
Change parameter BSPWR , BSPWRT.
Add neighbor relation.
Physical changes:
Antenna direction
Antenna height, tilt or position
New site as last option.

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Interference Case
TEMS
INPUT Logfiles

Large area DT Post-Processing

Specific area DT Analysis

Identify areas with Rxqual > 5

Identify source using Map and STS
New drive test around problem area?

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Interference Case
Logfile analysis
From logfile & map:
What channel group suffer from interference? HOP or Non HOP?
Check Current channel information in TEMS INV, hopping
channel and hopping frequency.
Where does the interference come from? Cell name?
Study map and logfile, look for co-channel or adjacent channel
interference.
Does the interference lead to lower SQI?
Look at SQI measurement during high RxQual.

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Types of Interference

Co - Channel interference
Adjacent Interference

BCCH 600 CASE 1

BCCH 595

CASE 2 High site

BCCH 590
BCCH 590

BCCH 590
BCCH 590

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Interference Case
Possible Reasons
Poor frequency plan
No dominant cell --> low C/I ---> increased Rxqual
Frequency Hopping is off
External interference e.g. jammer

Example of high Rxqual

due to low Signal Strength

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Interference Case
Possible solutions
Enable Frequency Hopping or add frequencies to Hopping
group.
Enable BTS Power Control, MS power control and make it less
aggressive.
Change frequency of interferer or interfered cell:
Possible to find new frequency by using TEMS Scanning.
Down tilt or change antenna of interferer.
Redo frequency plan.
Add new site.
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Handover Case
INPUT

Large area DT Post-Processing

Specific area DT Analysis

Look for:

Repeated handover (Ping Pong)

Repeated Intra-cell handover
Handover failure,
Unrealistic handover
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Repeated Handover (Ping Pong)
- Examples

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Repeated Handover (Ping Pong)
- Possible Reason 1

Merry-go-round Handover, Offset > Hysterisis

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Repeated Handover (Ping Pong)
- Possible Reason 2

Offset only in one direction e.g A-B for Inter BSC relation

BSC 1 BSC 2
BSC BSC

CELL A CELL B

A -> B OFFSET = -5dB No B -> A OFFSET

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Repeated Handover (Ping Pong)
Other Possible Reasons
No dominant Server

No dominant server
Locating penalty settings e.g.
PSSBQ, PTIMBQ
Too small hysterisis setting

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Repeated Handover (Ping Pong)
Possible Solutions

Antenna direction

Antenna Tilts

Plan for new site

Change Locating Parameter e.g.

KHYST or LHYST

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Repeated Handover (Ping Pong)
Possible Solution

Change Parameter, KHYST or LHYST

Hysterisis
CELL A CELL B

Handover
From A to B

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Handover Case
Handover Reversion

Check layer 3 message

Handover command BSC correct?
Check reason for handover SS, RXQUAL
Target cell?

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Handover Reversion
Common Reason

Duplicates of BSIC BCCH combinations in neighboring list

Handover command?
BSC

610_12
606_33
610_31 610_31
Serving cell
Neighbor cell 2
Neighbor cell 1
608_32
608_32
Road

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Handover Reversion
Other Reasons
Uplink interference in target cell
Downlink interference at MS

Solutions
Interference Investigation
Statistics
Scanning

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Handover Case
Repeated Intra-cell Handover
Possible Reasons
Wrong intra-cell handover settings
External Uplink Interference

Possible Solutions
Consider to change parameters:
SSOFFSETUL, SSOFFSETDL
QOFFSETUL, QOFFSETDL
A wrong setting of parameters will cause unnecessary IHO
Turn off Intra-cell Handover?
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Handover Case
Unrealistic Handover

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Unrealistic Handover
Reason & Solution
Possible Reasons
Wrong locating settings, in Serving or Target cell
Note: Could be on purpose e.g. Dual Band network with HCS

Solution
Fix locating settings e.g. MSRXSUFF, BSRXSUFF

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Call Setup Failure

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Call Setup Failure
Input Activities, Initial Tuning
Activities
Measurement Type
Large Area Drive Test
Initial Tuning
Short Call Sequences
(Acceptance Test)

Troubleshooting Post-Processing Output

(Customer Statistics Report
complaint etc.) Geographical Report
showing failure positions

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Call Setup Failure
Input Activities, Troubleshooting
Input Activities
Measurement Type
Small Area Drive Test
Initial Tuning Lock on problem cells BCCH
(Acceptance Test) Force handover to the cell

Troubleshooting Post-Processing Output

(Customer Geographical Report (if
complaint etc.) necessary)

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Call Setup Failure Analysis
- Initial Tuning Scenario
Check the TEMS statistics report (Blocked Call) if there is
Call Setup Failure.
If yes, identify the problem cells and which logfile from
geographical report.
Replay the logfile and jump to the Blocked Call event.
Check if there is any successful call setup to the problem
cell.

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Call Setup Failure Analysis
- Initial Tuning Scenario cont.
Review the layer 3 messages to check at which sequence
the failure occur (random access, SDCCH, TCH assignment
etc.).
Is there any traffic (SDCCH & TCH) in the cell, SDCCH &
TCH seizures, congestion etc.
Check fault report

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Call Setup Failure Analysis
- Troubleshooting Scenario
Before performing drive test, check STS report & fault
report.
If can not identify the problem, perform drive test.
During measurement, lock the BCCH of the problem cell.
Review the layer 3 messages to check at which sequence
the failure occur (random access, SDCCH, TCH assignment
etc.).

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Call Setup Failure Analysis
- Possible reasons with ranking
Low Signal Strength
Interference
High Congestion on SDCCH
High Congestion on TCH
Transmission Fault
Faulty TRU/Hardware
Central Processor Overload
Software File Congestion
Cell is not defined in MSC.

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Call Setup Failure Analysis
- Possible solutions
Low signal strength Signal strength analysis.
Interference Interference analysis.
High Congestion on SDCCH:
Define more SDCCHs.
Activate adaptive configuration of logical channel feature and
immediate assignment to TCH.
High Congestion on TCH:
Add capacity/Tune coverage array.
Activate assignment to worse cell.

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Failed Call Setup (Blocked Call) Example

Multiple Channel Requests.

Successful Random Access after the
third try.
Congestion in SDCCH.

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Dropped Call Case
- Input
Statistics Report
Note from drive test.

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Dropped Call Case
- Analysis
From plot, identify which & where in logfile the dropped
call occurs.
In the log file, Jump the drop call event.
Check if there is a disrupt in the recording. If yes could
be a false drop due to TEMS mobile disconnection during
recording!!!

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Dropped Call Case
- Analysis (cont)
Check the Radio environment just before drop:
If High Rxqual for a longer period of time and RLINKT expire
Interference problem.
If Low SS DL, SSDL < MSSENS ( -104dBm) low signal strength
problem.
If TA > 63 too far from the cell.
If DL radio is good, check the TX power. If there is MS
power down regulation when the MS is close to the cell. If
full power suspect uplink interference or antenna, TMA
problem.
Verify or isolate the problem using STS (Drop call and
reasons).
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