In service

education
Margart Hawkins
and Bonny Norton
Lecturer :
 Critical Meaning
In domain of education and applied linguistic
a set of terms have been used for critical
approach;
Critical pedagogy
Critical literacy
Critical applied linguistics
Critical language awareness
Critical discourse analysis
Critical reflection
 The other terms are often used interchangeably .e.x.
Definition-
It is planned learning experience
provided by the employing agency
for employees,,
Nature and scope-
It is a vehicle by which goals &the multiple
articulated means available to achieve .

It aim to developing ability for efficient

working & the capacity for learning.

To improve once competency in life.

Aims-
Acquisition of newer knowledge.

Improvement of performance.

To develop specific skill required for practice.

Improves the staff member chances for promotion.

To develop right concept for client care.

To maintain high standard for nursing.

To observe & bring change in staff behavior.

Types-
1.Centralized in-service
education.

2.Decentralized in-
service education.

3.Combiend in-service
education.
 Meet the
health Function
need & Develop
public s ability of
expectatio the nurses.
n.
Planning for in-service
education-
It is key stone to the administrative process.
Successful in-service education planning is the
result of careful & detail planning.
Planning is essential if learning needs of nurse
are to be meet.
Planning must be seen as an ongoing process
because of rapid technological advance &
proliferation of knowledge demand continuous
planning to meet ever changing learning
need.
Planning process-
What is to be done.

Why is it necessary.

How is it to be done.
Where is it to be
done.
When is it to be
done.
Who should do the
job.
Steps of planning-
Establish
the goal.

Reassessi Decide
ng the objecti
goal. ve

Evaluate Determin
e the
the course of
result. action.

Assess
the
Establish
available
budget.
resource
s.
Methods of in-service education
Ward teaching
Discussion
Laboratory
Conference
Seminar
Workshop
Field trip
Job orientation
Evaluation of in-service
programme-
By-
Knowledge
Attitude
practice
Pre test & post test
Written test/objective. assay
Check list
Rating scale
Practical test(direct obese.)
ADULT LEARNING
Introduction:-
The field of adult learning was introduce by
Malcom Knowles,

It a new area of study which involve

understanding how adult learns best
compared to children & Teens team.
Definition of learning:-
Learning is a permanent change in
human capabilities that is not a result of
the growth process
Definition:-

It is the practice of
teaching & educating adults at
work place during in service
education programme
 Scope of adult
learning:-
The need for adult education & continuing
education is due to Following factor-
Changing social trends.
Population mobility
Changing roles of hospital
Health status
Employment & empowerment of women
The scope is in nursing practices very significant & nurses
are committed for life long learning to themselves & it
need to be continued throughout the professional life.

If the nurse lack motivation in learning new concept , she

will continue practicing the old trends in nursing practice
which are suppose to change with time & social trends.

Continuing education among nurses is essential for

quality performance which requires knowledge in border
aspect of various field apart from nursing subject eg.
Psychology, Sociology, Biochemistry, Biophysics,
Microbiology Pathology, Current affairs..
Characteristic of adult
learning:-
Adult are autonomous & self directed.

Adult have accumulated a foundation of life experience &

knowledge

Adult are goal oriented

Adult are relevancy oriented so they must see a reason for

learning something.

Adult are practical

Adult need to be shown respect

How we Learn-Auditory, Visual,
Kinesthetic
We learn: We Remember:

1% through taste 10% of what we

read
1.5% through 20% of what we
touch hear
3.5% through 30% of what we
smell see
11% through 50% of what we
hearing see and hear
83% through 80% of what we
sight say
90% of what we
say as we act
 I hear & I forget
I see & I remember
I do & I understand
Principles of adult learning:-
1. Adults must want to learnThey learn effectively only when they have a
strong inner motivation to develop a new skill or acquire a particular type
of knowledge.

2. Adults will learn only what they feel they need to learnAdults are
practical in their approach to learning; they want to know, How is this
going to help me right now?

Be practical, be direct.

3. Adults learn by doingChildren learn by doing, but active participation is

more important among adults.

4. Adult learning focuses on problems and the problems must be

realisticChildren learn skills sequentially. Adults start with a problem and
then work to find a solution.
5 Experience affects adult learningAdults have
more experience than children. This can be an asset
and a liability.

6 Adults learn best in an informal

situationChildren have to follow a curriculum. Often,
adults learn only what they feel they need to know.

7 Adults want guidanceAdults want information that

will help them improve their situation or that of their
children. They do not want to be told what to do. They
want to choose options based on their individual
needs.
THANK
YOU