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Well Foundations
1. Cutting Edge
2. Well Curb
3. Bottom Plug
4. Steining
5. Top Plug
6. Well Cap
CE- 471: Foundation Engineering
Design of Wells
1
D .Ds
3
D Grip length of well
This is subjected to
different types of
stresses. At the
sinking it is subjected
to water and earth
pressure. At dredging
stage, inside surface is
subjected to water
pressure while outside
surface to the earth
pressure. IRC
recommends some
rules of thumb for
fixing the thickness of
steining which are
given below.
CE- 471: Foundation Engineering
Cement concrete steining
1. For circular and dumbbell - shaped wells
T k (0.01DH 0.1De )
where
k 1.1 for sandy, silty and soft clay
1.25 for hard strata including
hard clay, boulders, kankar, shale etc.
DH Height of well
De External diameter of the well
2. For rectangular and double - D wells
T k (0.01DH 0.12)
where
k 1.0 for sandy strata
1.1 for soft clay
1.15 for clay
1.20 for boulders, kankar, shale etc.
CE- 471: Foundation Engineering
Brick Steining
De DH
T k
8 40
where
k 1.0 for sand
1.1 for soft clay
1.25 for hard clay
CE- 471: Foundation Engineering
Curb
The curb of a well transfers all the superimposed loads to the soil through the
cutting edge while sinking. The material used for curbs may be timber or RCC.
The forces acting on well curb are shown in Fig(b). The total horizontal force
on the well curb on both sides is
De Di
Wcot
2
where
Di Internal diameter of well
W Weight of well and curb
per unit length along the centre line of steining
Internal angle of the well
The cutting edge is provided at the bottom of the well below the curb to cut
through the soil during sinking. It is generally made of steel and welded to an
angle iron to fit the outer dimensions of the well steining. The height of the
cutting edge is given by
qu.t
he
fc.tan
where
qu Crushing strength of rock
t Thickness of cutting edge
fc Safe compressive stress of concrete
The value of is usually taken as 300. The choice of this angle has been proved to
be suitable for easy access to the cutting edge.