UNIFORM

ACCELERATED
MOTION 1

Lecture 3
MF006 General Physics
1
LEARNING OUTCOMES:
1. Students should understand the general
relationships among position, velocity, and
acceleration for the motion of a particle along a
straight line.
2. Students should understand the special case of
motion with constant acceleration.
3. Students should be able to use the constant
acceleration equations to solve problem involving
one-dimensional motion with constant
acceleration.
 UNIFORM
ACCELERATED MOTION
1
Distance Vs
Displacement

Speed Vs
Velocity

Instantaneous
Velocity

Acceleration

Application of
Constant
Acceleration Eqns

Projectiles
 DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT
Position is a variable.
Positionand distance are similar but not
the same. Both use units of length.
Position is given relative to an origin.

If a car moves 20 cm,

what is its new position?
 DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT
A change in position is called displacement.
A displacement of 20 cm means the car
leaves the 50-cm mark and moves toward
the origin.
 DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT
A displacementof 20 cm means the car
moves away from the origin.
 DISTANCE VS
DISPLACEMENT
 DISTANCE VS
DISPLACEMENT
 DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT
Displacement
Suppose A = Sunway Pyramid and B = UCSI
B is 15 km directly east of A.
Distance

Displacement
s
A B

There are many roads from A to B each a

different distance. (From google map 20 - 25km)
 Distance

Displacement
s
A B

The path shown (red) is the long road which is 20.1

km

The shortest distance (highway) is represented by

the vector (s), where (s) is called the displacement
from A to B.
 DISTANCE VS DISPLACEMENT
Distance traveled depends on the path taken.

Displacement is independent of path. It is simply

the shortest route possible over a straight line.

The direction of the displacement is shown by the

plus (+) and minus (-) sign.
+ sign indicate the displacement in the positive
direction while the - sign shows the displacement
in the opposite direction.
 SPEED
Speed is the rate at which
distance changes.
In physics, the word rate means
the ratio of how much something
changes divided by how long
(time) the change takes.
SI unit for time is second (s)
Constant speed means the same
change in distance is traveled
every second.
 SPEED
Calculating speed
The change in position is a
distance traveled in a given
amount of time.
Average speed is the total
distance traveled divided by the
total time taken.

Unit is ms-1
Example:
1. If the car goes 200 km in 4.0 h, what
is its average speed ?

2. A bird is observed to fly 50 meters in

7.5 seconds. Calculate the speed of the
bird in m/sec.
What is the average speed in ms-1 from UCSI
to Sunway Pyramid for each of route? How
about in kmh-1
 VELOCITY
The velocity of an object tells you
both its speed and its direction of
motion.
A velocity can be positive or
negative.
The positive or negative sign for
velocity is based on the
calculation of a change in position.
Two cars going opposite directions
have the same speed,
but their velocities are different
one is positive and the other is
negative.
 VELOCITY

Velocity is the change in position

divided by the change in time.
 VELOCITY

Velocity (v) is calculated by dividing

the change in position (x) by the
change in time (t).

Unit is ms-1
 VELOCITY
Average velocity is the ratio of the
displacement x that occurs
during a particular time interval
t to that interval.

Here x2 and x1 are the positions of

x2 at time,t2 and position of x1 at
time, t1.
The time interval t is defined as:
 AVERAGE SPEED vs AVERAGE
VELOCITY

distance traveled

A displacement B

SPEED is a scalar quantity while,

VELOCITY is a vector quantity.
Example
When a person walked 70 m east then
30 m west
and then 20 m east and then he
stopped. Suppose
this walk took 70 s to complete. Find the
average
speed and average velocity.
 ACCELERATION
Acceleration is how rapidly
something is changing velocity.

rate of change of velocity @ change in

velocity per unit time.
Acceleration and velocity are
completely different ways to describe
an objects motion.

Like velocity, acceleration can be

positive or negative.
 ACCELERATION
An object will have a positive
acceleration when it is speeding up
and
Slowing down (decelerate) is with
negative sign as the velocity if
decreasing.
 ACCELERATION

Acceleration,
Where, vf = final velocity
vi = initial velocity
t = time taken

unit is ms-2
Example:
A sailboat moves at 1 ms-1. Wind
increases its velocity to 4 ms-1 in 3
seconds. Calculate the acceleration.
 Instantaneous variable
The position of an object at a given
instant (in very short time, less than 1
second ) respect to an origin position
Commonly represented by a function:
x(t ), v(t) , a(t), r(t)
The value of the variable at any time
can be obtained by substituting the
time given into the function given
Example
x(t ) 2t 3t 1
2
x(t ) t 3t 2
2
 Instantaneous variable
Instantaneous velocity describes the
velocity of an object at one specific
moment in time or at one specific
point in its path.
x dx d
v lim
t dt v(t ) [ x(t )]
dt
t 0

as the limit of the average velocity

determined for a time interval t as
we let t 0.
 Instantaneous variable
v is the rate at which the particle
changing position x with time at a
given instant.

v is the slope of the particles position-

time curve at the point representing
that instant.
 Instantaneous variable
Instantaneous Acceleration
Instantaneous acceleration : how fast
the velocity is changing at any time, t
v dv dv d dx d 2x
a lim , a 2
t dt dt dt dt dt
t 0
Example
The position of a particle moving on x-
axis is given by x (t) = 7.8 + 9.2 t 2.1
t3 with x in meters and t in seconds.
What is the velocity at t = 3.5 s? and
What is the acceleration at t = 5.0 s?
Example
A particles position on the x-axis is
given by
x(t) = 4 27t + t3 with x in meters and t
in seconds.

(a)Find the particles velocity function

v(t) and acceleration function a(t).
(b)Is there ever a time when v = 0?