NICHE

OVERLAP AND
COMPETITION
KELOMPOK 2
KELAS B
Presented by:

Desy Putri Islamiyah 140210103044

Rohmatul Islamiyah 140210103046
Hartini 140210103063
 niche as the functional role
Grinnel (1917,
and position of an organism
1924, 1928)
in its community.
the position or status of an organism
Odum, within its community and ecosystem
resulting from the organisms
1993 structural adap
tations, physiological responses, and
specific behavior (inherited and/or
learned).
Address Profession
 Aspects of ecological
niche
Spatial Niche Trofik Niche Hypervolume Niche
Two-dimensional Three-dimensional
Niche Niche
Two-dimensional Three-dimensional
Niche Niche
Niche Overlap
Niche Overlap is organisms positions that overlap
with the other organisms in the ecosystem in
terms of the size of the habitat and food.

Niche overlap occurs when two organismic units

use the same resources or other environmental
variables.

Overlap is complete when two organismic units

have identical niches; there is no overlap if two
niches are completely disparate
Various Possible
Niche Relationship
 1. An Included Niche

The niche of species 2 is entirely contained within the

niche of species 1.
2. Equal overlap niches

Competition is equal and opposite

 3. Unequal Overlap

Competition is not equal and opposite because species 2 shared more of

its niche space than species 1 does
 4. Abuting niche

No direct competition is possible, but such as a niche relationship can

arise from competition in the past and be indicative of the avoidance of
competition.
5. Disjunct niche

Competition cannot occur and is not even implicit in this case

Niche Dynamics
Realized niches of most organisms change both
in time and from place to place as physical and
biotic environments vary.
Temporal niche changes can be considered at two
levels:
(1) on a short-term basis
(2) on a long-term basis
n
o Competition is a relationship between two individuals to
fight one kind resources, so that the relationship can be
detrimental to either party.
o Contested resource can be food, energy and shelter.
o Competition can occur between individuals in a
population and individuals from different populations.
WANT BIG IMPACT?
USE BIG IMAGE.
 Niche Overlap And Effect on Competition

Competition will be more frequent, and the result is only one species
that can survive.
 Niche Breadth

Generalization And Specialization

Generalization is the process of expanding the limits of tolerance

of species in an ecological niche that resulted in the abundance
of the species.

Specialization is the process of narrowing the tolerance limits of

species in an ecological niche that resulted in the species'
decline does not even cover the possible extinction of the
species.
GENERALIZE SPECIES
(A) Raccoon

(B) Rat

(C) Virginia Opossum

(Didelphis virginianus )
SPECIALIZE SPECIES

Koala
(Phascolarctos
cinerus)

Eucaliptus sp.
Morphological Variation-
Niche Breadth Hypothesis
 Evolution of Niche
Periodic Table of Niche
THANKS
!
Any questions?