Soil Mechanics II

CE - 324
Lecture 1

Introduction and Course Outline

Mazhar Iqbal Arshad

MCE
Contact : +92-331-3958522
Email: mazhar.i.arshad@gmail.com
 Introduction and Course
Outline
CE-324 Soil Mechanics-II
Military College of Engineering (MCE)

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 Geotechnical Engineering

Geotechnical engineering is the

branch of civil engineering that
deals with soil, rock, and
underground water, and their
relation to the design,
construction, and operation of
engineering
GE videos\What is projects
soil mechanics.mp4

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 Geotechnical Class Problems
Bearing Capacity
Stability
Seismic/Dynamic Loading

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 Typical issues addressed
Can soils and rocks beneath a construction site
safely support the proposed project?
What groundwater conditions currently exist,
how might they change in the future, and what
impact do they have on the project?
What will be the impact of any planned
excavation, grading, or filling?
What kind of foundations are necessary to
support planned structures, and how should we
design them?
If the project requires retaining walls, what kind
would be best and should we design them? 5

 Role of Foundation Engineer

A Multi Disciplinary Engineer must possess
the knowledge of :
Structural Engineering
Behavior of foundation as structural member
Understand the source & Nature of Structural
load
Nature of structural movements
Geotechnical Engineering
Soil-Structure Interaction
Engineering properties and behavior of soil
Construction Engineering
Understanding methods of construction
Economical Built Design 6

 Challenges of a Geotechnical
Engineer

Geotechnical engineers continue to face

new technical challenges.
The high cost of real estate, especially in
urban areas, often dictates the need to
build on site with poor soil conditions sites
we would have rejected in the past.
These difficult sites pose special problems,
and have resulted in the development of
new construction materials and techniques,
such as ground improvement methods.
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 Soil Mechanics

Virtually every structure is

supported by soil or rock. Those
that arent either fly, float, or fall
over.
Richard L. Handy (1995)

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 Soil Mechanics
Soil mechanics is the science of equilibrium
and motion of soil bodies.
Soil mechanics is a subset of geotechnical
engineering
It involves the application of soil mechanics,
geology, and hydraulics to the analysis and
design of geotechnical systems such as
dams, embankments
tunnels, canals and water ways
foundations for bridges, roads, buildings
solid waste disposal systems 9
 Soils

Consist of
Particles
Water Typical 3 Phases
Air
Organics
Other Fluids and Gases

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 Soils

Consist of
Particles
Water Typical 3 Phases
Air
Organics
Other Fluids and Gases

Salgado, 2008
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 Soils

Consist of
Particles
Water Typical 3 Phases
Air
Organics
Other Fluids and Gases

Salgado, 2008 12
Range of Geotechnical Projects

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Typical Geotechnical Project
Sequence

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 Typical Geotechnical Project
Sequence

Geo- soil properties

Design Office
Laboratory for design &
for testing analysis
ails
det
ign
so

s
de
il s
am
ple
s

15
construction site
 Shallow foundations
For transferring building loads to
underlying ground
Mostly for firm soils or light loads

firm ground

Pit Underpinning.mp4
bed rock 16
 Deep foundations
GE videos\Driven Piles.mp4

Petronas towers

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 Retaining walls
For retaining soils from spreading laterally

retaining
wall

Road
Train

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 Retaining walls soil nailing
Steel rods
placed into
holes drilled
into the walls
and grouted
GE videos\Soil Nailing.mp4

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 Sheet piles
Sheet piles resist lateral earth pressures.
These are used in excavations, waterfront
structures.

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 Sheet piles
Sheets of interlocking steel or timber driven
into the ground, forming a continuous sheet

GE videos\Sheet Piles.mp
warehous
e

shi
p

sheet
pile

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 Earth dams
For impounding water

reservoir
clay
core shel
l

soil

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 Concrete dams

reservoir concrete
dam

soil

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 Earth works
Preparing the ground prior to construction

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 Geo fabrics
Used for reinforcement, separation, filtration
and drainage in roads, retaining walls,
embankments

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Geofabrics used on Pacific Highway
 Groundwater Control
sheet pile walls enclosing an area, to
prevent water seeping in

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 Land slides
GE videos\Micropile Slide Stabilization (MS3).mp4

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 Excavation Support System
Propping and supporting the exposed walls
to resist lateral earth pressures
GE videos\Soldier Piles & Lagging.mp4

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Offshore Energy Structure
Foundation

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 Geotechnical earthquake
engineering
Liquefaction-induced bearing capacity failures of the
kawaguchi-cho apartment building following the 1964
Niigata Earthquake

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Geotechnical earthquake
engineering
Liquefaction-induced settlement

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 Ground improvement
Impact Roller to Compact the Ground

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 Ground improvement
Sheepfoot Roller to Compact Clay Soils

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Ground improvement
Smooth-wheeled Roller

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 Ground improvement
Heavy weights dropped from 25 m, compacting
the ground.

Craters
formed in
compaction

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 Conclusions
Soil Mechanics leads to many
possible projects

This class provides the fundamentals

to begin learning the concepts and
projects shown before

A basic understanding of soil

mechanics is necessary for all civil
engineers
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 You never see the beautiful work done by GE

buried right under your feet.

Hayward Baker Inc

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 Course (2 CH + 1CH)
INSTRUCTOR - Dr Mazhar Iqbal
Phone - 0331-3958522
Email - mazhar.i.arshad@gmail.com

CLASS SCHEDULE - Weekly Training Program

OFFICE HOURS - in 7th Pd with appointment

LMS PORTAL: - https://lms.nust.edu.pk/portal/

TEXTBOOK:
The Engineering of Foundations, by Rodrigo Salgado, 1st edition
Principals of Foundation Engineering, by Baraja M. Das, 6th
Edition
SUGGESTED BOOKS:
Foundation Design Principles and Practices, by Donald P. Coduto
Foundation Analysis and Design, by Bowels, 5th Edition.
Fundamental of Geotechnical Engineering, by Braja M. Das.
 Course Description
This course provides understanding of basic principles of
foundation engineering. The course covers shear
strength of soils (sands and clay), in-situ tests, lateral
earth pressure, theory of consolidation, the analysis,
design, and construction aspects of shallow and deep
foundations, slopes and retaining structures and
settlement of foundations. The course may also
introduce the relevant computer software and excel
sheets for foundation analysis.
Objectives of Course
Upon completion of this course the student will be
able to do the following:
Design a basic site investigation program and
obtain soil properties from in situ test results .
Shear Strength of soils and Lab tests.
Understand various earth pressure theories and
carry out the geotechnical design of different types
of soil retaining structures.
How to obtain soil strength and compressibility
parameters from Lab and In-Situ Tests
Select the best foundation solution for different
types of civil engineering projects .
Design shallow and deep foundations for routine
projects and supervise their construction .
Policy
Attendance
Shortage

Within 5 minutes

Assignment Policy
Within due date

No grading for copying (even for entire class-

Pop quiz from assignments)
Late assignments will not be marked

Individual Laboratory work

Cell phones/texting

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 Course outline
Lectur Sections Covered/Reading Assignment
e No
1 Introduction & Foundation Design Process
2 Geostatic Stress, Effective Stress Concept
3 Mohr Circle, Mohr Coulomb Failure Criteria Quiz -1
4 Stresses resulted from common boundary value problems- Assignment-1
Elastic stress distribution
5 Lateral Earth Pressure Theory & PBL-1
6 Design of Earth Retaining Structures Assignment-2
7 Mechanical Behavior of Sands Quiz -2
8 Theory of Consolidations & Undrained Shear Strength of Clays
OHT - 1
9 Main In-Situ Test Types & Their interpretation & PBL-2 Assignment-3
10 Torreable movements of building foundations
11 Types of foundations and their applicability and construction Quiz -3
details
12 Settlement of shallow foundation in sands and clays Assignment-4
13 OHT - 2
14 Limit Bearing Capacity in sands and Clays & PBL-3 Assignment-5
15 Types and construction of Pile Foundations Quiz -4
16 Axially Loaded Pile Design & Analysis Assignment-6
16 Intro to Laterally Loaded Pile Design and Pile Groups & PBL-4
End Semester Exam
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Course Plan

CE-324 Soil-II Course Plan.pdf

 Special Instructions
No mercy on low attendance

No Cross Talking
among students during lecture

No Mobile Phone during Class

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