Progressive

Era
Putting the era in context
Current issues in America
Immigration
Womens rights/ equality
Regulation of business----- too much or not enough?
Taxes and fair share
Helping working class families
Wall St.
Race relations
A NEW NATION
1890-1920
Agrarian to industrial nation..from rural country to urban
country
Problems created by this change
People who wanted to fix the problems were called Progressives
Progressive Era = Reform
 Progressive Reforms

Society Workplace/ Business

Government Election reform
Housing Working conditions
Banking reform
Temperance/ Worker rights
Trust busting
Prohibition Cleaner Child labor
cities
Tackling racism

16th 17th 18th 19th Amendments passed during the

Progressive Era
Progressive Era =
Reform
A NEW NATION
Progressives were many people and many ideas
Not centralized until Theodore Roosevelt becomes President
Progressive Era is a time of contradictions
Era of consumerismdepartment stores, marketing, new technology
Disposable income and leisure time entertainment industry,
modern amusement parks, MLB, College football, Modern Olympics,
Basketball invented
Millions of new immigrants = millions of new poor
Some progressive reforms helped immigrants and some
discriminated against immigrants
Entertainment
16. 1 Progressivism
Progressive: What &
Who
Progressive -- person who recognized problems created
by industrialization
Journalists and about
exposing and writing wanted to reform
corruption (fix)muckrakers
were called the problems
Jacob Riis Exposed living conditions of urban poor
Ida Tarbell Exposed Standard Oil Company
Lincoln Steffens Exposed corruption of city government
 Progressive Reformers

Society Workplace/Business Government

Jacob Riis Ida Tarbell Lincoln Steffens
 Spongebob and Progressive Reform

Explain why Progressive reformers would be upset about this situation.

What type of Progressive reform would be needed in this video?

A) Society
B) Workplace
C) Government

Who would be most upset with Mr. Krab's?

A) Jacob Riis
B) Ida Tarbell
C) Lincoln Steffens
 Squidward progressive reform

What type of reform is in this video?

A) Society
B) Workplace
C) Government

Which reformer would be most happy about this video?

A) Ida Tarbell
B) Jacob Riis
C) Lincoln Steffens
Progressive Reform
You will be assigned 1, 2, or 3

You will read your assigned section of 16.1

Take notes on key information who, what, why,

problems/solutions, etc;

1 Reforming Society

2 Reforming the Workplace

3 Reforming Government
16.2 Women & Public Life
 Opportunities For Women
New technology = more opportunity outside the home

Women go into higher education

Women gain skills but many barriers in the workplace

American Medical Association No girls allowed!

Women paid less

Women demand equality

Gaining Political
Experience
BEFORE women can vote, they are influencing politics and American society

Women wanted to ban alcohol. This became known as Prohibition

Womens Christian Temperance Union (WCTU) formed to raise awareness and

ban alcohol (temperance = prohibition)
Frances Willard -- leader of WCTU

Carry Nation destroyed bars with hatchet

Congress passes 18th amendment bans the sale and transportation of alcohol
Gaining Political
Experience
African American women also begin to organize

Wanted same reforms as other women PLUS segregation reform and ending Jim
Crow laws

National Association of Colored Women (NACW) was created

(NACW) created by Ida B Wells and Harriet Tubman

Rise of Womens Suffrage
Movement
Suffrage = voting Womens Suffrage = Women Voting

Susan B Anthony helped form National Womans Suffrage

Association (NWSA)

Suffrage movement victory Wyoming, 1st territory to allow women

to vote

Susan B Anthony arrested for voting!!

Supreme Court: women are citizens but citizenship does NOT give
you right to vote
16.3 Theodore Roosevelt's Square
Deal
Roosevelt's View of the
Presidency
Theodore Roosevelt viewed the White House as a
bully pulpit

Bully pulpit powerful platform to raise awareness on

issues

Bully = great, superb

Pulpit = raised platform where speeches/sermons are given

Progressivism enters the White House

Labor Business
Involvement in 1902 coal strike
Threatened to seize coal Regulating Rail Roads
mines Elkins Act
Hepburn Act

Roosevelt's Square Deal

Consumer Environment
Meat Inspection Act US Forest Service
Pure Food & Drug Act Antiquities Act
Upton Sinclair John Muir
Gifford Pinchot
Law Outcome
Elkins Act RR must charge all customers
same price

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Square Deal Labor
1902 Coal Strike 150,000 workers strike

Roosevelt urged the owner to negotiate with workers or he would seize the coal mine

Outcome of negotiation: shorter workdays and higher pay. Owner did not have to recognize union

Roosevelt said the compromise was a square deal

By saying square deal Roosevelt meant that the needs of workers, business, and consumers
should be balanced.
Square Deal Business
Regulating Rail Roads RR's charged big business less than farmers and small
business

Elkins Act All customers must pay the same rate.

Hepburn Act Govt controls maximum prices that RR companies charge

 Square Deal Consumer
Upton Sinclair The Jungle, exposed conditions inside meat packing plants

Meat Inspection Act Federal government inspects all meat shipped across
state lines

Pure Food & Drug Act Outlawed products with harmful ingredients.
Required food and medicine to have ingredient labels.

What did the govt consider to be a harmful ingredient?

Coca-Cola and the Pure Food
and
Coca from Drug Act
Coca leaf and Cola from Kola nut Coca + Kola = Coca-Cola

President of Coca-Cola: Asa Candler

Asa Candler's brother, John, was judge on Georgia Supreme Court then became Coke's lawyer

John Candler went to DC and lobbied congress to PASS the Pure Food and Drug Act

Thought it would give Coca-Cola a better public image

Thought Coke's competitors could not afford new regulations

The injury to public health is the least important question. The real evil is the deception of the
consumer. Dr. Wiley, FDA

Coca Cola was sued under the Pure Food and Drug Act
Caffeine was harmful 8 Coca-Cola's have enough caffeine to kill
Coca-Cola was misbranded, did not contain whole coca leaf and whole kola nut
Judge ruled in favor of Coca-Cola
Square Deal
Environment
Roosevelt thought each generation had a duty to protect and conserve
resources

US Forest Service added 150 million acres of national forests

Antiquities Act creates national monuments (natural and man made) from
public land

John Muir conservationist, helped protect Yosemite National Park

Gifford Pinchot coined term conservation Chief of US Forest Service

Antiquities Act Examples
16.4 Taft & Wilson
Progressivism Under Taft
William H. Taft (Republican) elected president in 1908
Supported by Theodore Roosevelt (Republican)

16th Amendment income tax

Upset Progressive by raising tariffs

Tariff is a tax on goods imported to a country

Ballinger-Pinchot Affair
Taft administration was sabotaging conservation efforts
Attempted to impede a fraud investigation

Roosevelt comes out against Taft

Republican party splits

 1912 election

Wilson (Democrat) Taft (Republican) Roosevelt (Bull moose)

6,296,284 votes 3,486,242 votes 4,122,721 votes

Wilson (D) Taft (R)

 Wilson's New Freedom
Woodrow Wilson wins 1912 election, 28th President

Campaigns on reform called New Freedom

Tariff reductions, banking reform, stronger antitrust legislation

Federal Reserve Act central bank, US government borrows $ and Wall St borrows $

Clayton Antitrust Act Strengthened the Sherman Anti-Trust Act regulates big business & trusts

Clayton Act also made striking, picketing, and boycotts legal

What your textbook says about Federal
Reserve
Page 543

The Federal Reserve Act put the nation's banking system under the
supervision of the federal government for the first time.
Federal Reserve Quotes
It is well that the people of the nation do not understand our banking and monetary
system, for if they did, I believe there would be a revolution before tomorrow morning.
Henry Ford

The Federal Reserve banks are not government agencies...But are independent,
privately owned and locally controlled corporations. Lewis vs. United States

Some people think the Federal Reserve Banks are United States government
institutions. They are not government institutions. They are private credit monopolies
which prey upon the people of the United States for the benefit of themselves and their
foreign swindlers. Congressman McFadden

This nation is run by the International bankers. Congressman McFadden

The increase in assets of the Federal Reserve banks from $143 million in 1913 to $45
billion in 1949 went directly to the private stockholders of the federal reserve banks.
--Eustace Mullins
 Federal Reserve Quotes
I am a most unhappy man. I have unwittingly ruined my country. A great industrial nation is
controlled by a system of credit. Our system of credit is concentrated. The growth of the nation,
therefore, and all our activities are in the hands of a few men. We have come to be one of the
worst ruled, one of the most completely controlled and dominated Governments in the world
no longer a Government by free opinion, no longer a Government by conviction and the vote of
the majority, but a Government by the opinion and duress of a small group of dominant men.
Woodrow Wilson

Our financial system is a false one and a huge burden on the people. This Act establishes the
most gigantic trust on earth. The people may not know it immediately, but the day of reckoning
is only a few years removed. The people must make a declaration of independence to relieve
themselves from the Monetary Power.
Congressman Charles Lindbergh Sr.

From now on depressions will be scientifically created. Congressman Lindbergh Sr.

Women Gain The Right To
Vote
Alice Paul creates the National Womans Party (NWP)

Sole purpose of the NWP was womens suffrage

Began to picket at the White House

Chained themselves to fences and railings

Hunger strikes

USA enters WWI women step up and fill void left by men fighting

Womens role during WWI convince people that women should vote

19th Amendment -- ratified 1920 Federal Govt says women can vote!
Progressivism & African
Americans
African Americans in the Army accused of murder in Brownsville, TX
Brownsville Incident

Roosevelt discharged 167 African Americans from Army

Wilson opposed federal anti-lynching laws said it was a state issue

Allowed segregation in his administration

Law in D.C. Made it illegal for blacks to marry whites

This amendment created the income tax
A) 16th Amendment
B) 17th Amendment
C) 18th Amendment
D) 19th Amendment

This led to the split of the Republican Party

A) Brownsville Incident
B) Meat Inspection Act
C) The sinking of the Titanic
D) Ballinger-Pinchot Affair

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This Act created a central bank
A) Clayton Antitrust Act
B) Federal Reserve Act
C) 16th Amendment
D) Hepburn Act

Woodrow Wilson campaigned on a platform called

A) Square Deal
B) New Freedom
C) Old Freedom
D) Expensive Freedom
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Alice Paul advocated for
A) Environmental Protection
B) Child Labor Laws
C) Prohibition
D) Womens Suffrage

This incident highlighted racial discrimination during the

Progressive Era
A) Ballinger Pinchot Affair
B) Brownsville Incident
C) Redsville Incident
D) Greensville Incident
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