INTERNET

TO LEARN THE BASICS OF THE INTERNET.

TO BE FAMILIAR IN DIFFERENT SERVICES OF THE INTERNET.

TO UNDERSTAND DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGIES OF THE INTERNET.

INTERNET REFERS TO THE NETWORK OF COMPUTERS
CONNECTED TO EACH OTHER GLOBALLY.
HISTORY OF INTERNET

SPUTNIK 1- THE FIRST SATELLITE LAUNCHED BY SOVIET UNION IN

1957.
ARPA(ADVANCED RESEARCH PROJECT AGENCY)
LED TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF FIRST WIDE-AREA PACKET SWITCHING
NETWORK AND CONSIDERED AS THE FIRST INTERNET KNOWN AS ARPANET.
ARPANET (ADVANCED RESEARCH
PROJECT AGENCY NETWORK)
OBTAIN THE FULL SUPPORT FROM THE US DEPARTMENT OF DEFENSE (DOD)TO

ASSIST THE DIFFERENT UNIVERSITIES IN SETTING UP A NETWORK OR

CONNECTIONS.

ARPANET SUCCEEDED AND NETWORKED FOUR COMPUTERS IN DIFFERENT

UNIVERSITIES IN US.

ARPANET USED NETWORK CONTROL PROTOCOL (NCP)

IT IS CONSIDERED AS THE FIRST NETWORKING PROTOCOL.

TCP/IP (TRANSMISSION CONTROL PROTOCOL/INTERNET
PROTOCOL)
A COMMONLY USED NETWORK PROTOCOL IN THE WORLD.
THIS SET UP PROVIDES SECURITY TO THE MILITARY GROUPS THAT LED
TO THE DEVELOPMENT OF MILNET.

MILNET
IT IS AN INDEPENDENT AND SECURE NETWORK THAT USED THE
INFORMATION SUPERHIGHWAY TOGETHER WITH COMMERCIAL USERS.
EARLY 1980S

INTERNET COULD ONLY TRANSMIT TEXT MESSAGES VIA EMAIL

AND NEWSGROUPS WITHOUT GRAPHICS LIKE IMAGES, FANCY

FONTS, PICTURES AND THAT CAME THE INTRODUCTION TO

WORLD WIDE WEB (WWW) BY TIMOTHY BERNERS LEE.

 1993
THE WWW PROJECT WAS POPULARIZED BY THE DEVELOPMENT
OF THE FIRST FULL-FEATURED GRAPHICAL BROWSER BY MARC
ANDREESSEN AND ERIC BINA FROM UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS
NATIONAL CENTER FOR SUPER COMPUTING APPLICATIONS.

THEY ALSO MAXIMIZED THE USE OF HTML (HYPERTEXT MARKUP

LANGUAGE) BY INTRODUCING THE HYPERLINKS.
INTERNET SERVICES

1. ELECTRONIC MAIL (e-mail)

Refers to the process of sending message from one user to another in a network
of computer.
The user should create first an account to be able to use this service.
Example: jeffrm@live.com
jeffrm- username
live.com- the host
2. FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL (FTP)
THIS SERVICE ALLOWS THE USER TO INTERACTIVELY CHECK FILES, DIRECTORIES

AND EXCHANGE FILES. USERS CAN INTERACTIVELY VIEW THE CONTENTS OF THE

DIRECTORY AND ALLOWS USERS TO DOWNLOAD AND UPLOAD FILES TO THE

SPECIFIC DIRECTORY.
3. REMOTE LOGIN
THIS FACILITY IS KNOWN AS TELNET THAT ALLOWS REMOTE LOGIN TO

ANOTHER COMPUTER IN A NETWORK.THIS EXECUTES COMMANDS USING

YOUR OWN COMPUTER AS A TERMINAL TO A REMOTE HOST.

4. NEWSGROUPS
ALSO KNOWN AS USENET AND ELECTRONIC BOARDS ORGANIZED INTO

MORE THAN TEN THOUSAND SUBJECTS WITH A NAMING SYSTEM THAT

MAKES IT EASIER TO FIND.

THE USERS CAN POST A MESSAGE TO ONE OF THE NEWS SERVERS AND

THIS POSTING WILL BE PROPAGATED TO OTHER NEWS SERVERS IN THE

NETWORK.
5. WORLD WIDE WEB

IT IS CONSIDERED AS ONE OF THE GREATEST TECHNOLOGICAL INNOVATIONS OF

THE INTERNET.

IT ALLOWS ACCESS TO A WITH DE RANGE OF INFORMATION IN THE FORM OF

GRAPHICS, TEXT, SOUND, VIDEO, OR ANIMATION FROM ALL OVER THE WORLD.

IT ALSO CONSISTS OF FILES, CALLED PAGES OR HOME PAGES CONTAINING LINKS

TO DOCUMENTS AND RESOURCES THROUGHOUT THE INTERNET.

6. INTERNET VOICE
ALSO KNOWN AS VOICE OVER INTERNET PROTOCOL, A TECHNOLOGY THAT
ALLOWS ONE TO MAKE TELEPHONE CALLS USING A HIGH-SPEED INTERNET
CONNECTION INSTEAD OF USING AN ANALOG PHONE LINE.
7. CHAT AND INSTANT MESSAGING

. IT ALLOWS USERS ON THE INTERNET TO COMMUNICATE WITH EACH OTHER

BY TYPING IN REAL TIME, WHERE USERS CAN LOG ON THE CHAT ROOM TO

EXCHANGE MESSAGES.
INTERNET REQUIREMENTS

1. HOST
. IS A COMPUTER CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET.EACH HOST IS CAPABLE OF

PROVIDING INFORMATION, SUCH AS FILES,DOCUMENTS OR IMAGES.

. A HOST COMPUTER THAT GIVES INFORMATION TO OTHERS TO USE

NORMALLY IS SERVERS LIKE FILE SERVERS, WEB SERVERS, MAIL SERVERS

AND NEWS SERVERS.

2. WORKSTATIONS
IS ALSO A COMPUTER CONNECTED IN THE INTERNET BUT UNLIKE A HOST,

IT IS USED TO ACCESS INFORMATION FROM THE HOST THAT IS CONNECTED

TO THE INTERNET.
3. ROUTER
IT IS A DEVICE THAT JOINS TELECOMMUNICATIONS LINKS AND GROUPS OF

COMPUTERS TOGETHER.

IT GIVES A MECHANISM FOR DETERMINING A ROUTE OR PATH BETWEEN

THE TWO COMPUTERS THAT WANT TO EXCHANGE INFORMATION.

4. TELECOMMUNICATION LINKS
IT CONNECTS THE TWO ROUTERS THAT MAY BE DIRECTLY CONNECTED VIA

DIAL UP TELEPHONE LINES, FIBER OPTIC CABLES, ETC OR IT MAY NOT BE

PHYSICALLY CONNECTED LIKE THE USE OF WIRELESS COMMUNICATION

CHANNEL.
GETTING INTO THE INTERNET
1. BROWSER
. REFERS TO SOFTWARE THAT HELPS THE COMPUTER CONNECTS TO THE INTERNET.
A. INTERNET EXPLORER
. MICROSOFTS VERSION OF THE WEB BROWSER USUALLY PROVIDED FOR FREE WHEN
INSTALLED WITH AN OPERATING SYSTEM.
B. NETSCAPE NAVIGATOR
. A POPULAR BROWSER AMONG WEB DESIGNERS BECAUSE IT DOES NOT INCLUDE
PROPRIETARY PROGRAMMING AND EASILY INTERFACES WITH INTERNET PROGRAMMING
LANGUAGES LIKE HTML OR JAVA.
C. MOSAIC
. IT WAS THE FIRST FULL FEATURED GRAPHICAL BROWSER DEVELOPED NATIONAL CENTER
FOR SUPERCOMPUTING APPLICATIONS(NCSA) AT UNIVERSITY OF ILLINOIS.
D. LYNX
A TEXT ONLY WEB BROWSER USEFUL FOR TERMINALS AND COMPUTERS THAT CANNOT DELIVER
GRAPHICAL OR MULTIMEDIA ELEMENTS FOR UNIX PLATFORMS.
IT WAS DEVELOPED BY ACADEMIC COMPUTING SERVICE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF KANSAS.
E. OPERA 7
A SWEDISH BROWSER DEVELOPED FOR EUROPEAN INTERNET USERS AND LAUNCHED VERSION 1.0 IN
1993.
F. MOZILLAS BROWSER
ONE OF THE LATEST INTERNET SOFTWARE PROGRAM AVAILABLE TODAY DEVELOPED BY DAVE
HYATT, BLAKE ROSS, AND BEN GOODGER WHO ARE PART OF THE MOZILLA FOUNDATION.
G. SAFARI
DEVELOPED BY APPLE COMPUTER INC., AND RELEASED IN 2003 FOR MAC OPERATING SYSTEM.
2.DOMAIN NAME
ALSO KNOWN AS WEB ADDRESS. IT DETERMINES THE LOCATION OF AN ENTITY
ON THE WEB.
EXAMPLE: WWW.YAHOO.COM
a. 3rd level domain helps the network servers to trace the address on the
internet by going down to world wide web.
b. 2nd level domain indicates the web name of the entity users want to
locate or want to open. It usually the name of the organization or company.
c. Top level domain(TLD) usually indicates the type of entity to which the
website belongs.
Examples: gov-government agencies, edu-educational institutions, org-
organizations, mil-military organizations, com-commercial or business, net-
network organizations, biz- commercial or business.
3. PROTOCOL
IT IS THE MOST POPULAR OPEN SYSTEM PROTOCOL BECAUSE IT COULD
CONNECT ACROSS ANY SET OF INTERCONNECTED NETWORKS.
EXAMPLES OF PROTOCOL:
A. HTTP:// (HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL)- DIRECTS TO HYPERTEXT
DOCUMENT ACCESSIBLE THROUGH THE INTERNET.
B. FTP:// (FILE TRANSFER PROTOCOL)- TOOL TO TRANSFER FILES FROM
ONE COMPUTER TO ANOTHER ANYWHERE ON THE INTERNET.
C. Gopher:// (gopher protocol)-refers to text only access to the internet
that come first the http.
D. News:// connects to a usenet newsgroup and uses the network news
transfer protocol to access information.
E. telnet:// connects to a remote login in another computer.
F. File:// sets that the file is local and not on the public web.
4. URL (UNIFORM RESOURCE LOCATOR)
REFERS TO THE ADDRESS OF A SPECIFIC WEBSITE. IT ALSO
REFERS TO THE ELECTRONIC LOCALITY OF A SPECIFIC
WEBSITE.
EXAMPLE: HTTP://WWW.
5. SEARCH ENGINES
-REFERS TO SPECIAL WEBSITES THAT ARE CREATED TO HELP
PEOPLE FIND INFORMATION STORED IN THE SITES.
THIS IS ALSO A SERVER THAT CONTAINS DATABASE OF
DOCUMENTS THAT ARE STORED ON WWW SERVERS
CONNECTED TO THE INTERNET.