HOW TO WRITE

CHAPTER 2 REVIEW
OF THE RELATED
LITERATURE AND
STUDIES
 RELATED READINGS

MAJOR SOURCES:

LAWS
CIRCULA
RS
ORDE

RS
MEMORAND
A
EXAMPLE:
TITLE OF THESIS:
Effectiveness of the procedure for Systematic
Land registration in Cambodia under Order 01:
Challenges and Opportunities for strengthening
land tenure security.

RELATED READINGS:
Land Law_010430 which determines the regime
of ownership for immovable properties in the
Kingdom of Cambodia for the purpose of
guaranteeing the rights of ownership.
RELATED STUDIES
are works based on empirical data.
In reviewing related studies, one must be
careful to the:
1.) problem
2.) methodology, including the
sampling data
3.) Instruments used
4.) Findings and
5.) conclusion
 At the end of the
researchers review, he
explains how the study
being reviewed relates to he
present study and identifies
similarities and differences
with the present study.
 In reviewing related studies, the
researcher carefully notes the
following points:
1.) The researchers motivation for
conducting the study (this is usually
found in the introduction)
2.) The statement of the problem;
3.) The variables involved in the
study, including their quantifications;
4.) The research design
5.) The major results and conclusions.
 The researcher reviews
both local and foreign
studies in order to give
balance presentation
of the investigations in
various settings.
 Conflicting results may be
observed because of the
differences in (1) population
frame, (2) research design,
(3) statistical test
employed, and (4) absence
or presence of appropriate
controls.
 The use of following phrases and expressions that help
express related literature and studies are:
In 1999, Dizon stresses that
From the book of Espidido entitled Practice of Research
published by the National Bookstore Inc., in 1999
Fox (1990) said that
Gates (1998) pointed out that
Punzalan (1980) used.
Flanders system focused.
Amidos and Hunters system investigated.
Barnes system made detailed and interesting..
Bellack, et al., proposed.
Malcolhm, on the other hand credited for.
Costales largeely based on the.
Zulueta postulated that these.
Nebrez directed that.
 Example 1
Bernard pointed out that good teachers
vary their combination of traits but the
listed characteristics do indicate what
teachers should strive for (1999)
Example 2
Ryan (1999) found out that the
qualities of good teacher are not
absolute; they are instead interacting
traits that may vary in their merits,
depending upon educational philosophy,
pupil characteristics, course level and
contents
Relevance or Justification of the Reviewed Literature and
Studies to the Present Study

It justifies the difference between the

proposed study and the past related
studies. It should be made clear that
there is no duplication of the studies.
The following phrases can help express the relevance of
the study:

The related literature included in this

study has significant relationship with the
future study in the sense that
The related studies presented here were
selected on the basis of their significance
in promoting directions for the present
study.
The study of.provided a framework for
the.
This present study is similar to that of.in
terms of
 This study is related to other studies
conducted because.
All the concepts revealed in the study
of. will influence the of this study
The study conducted by. provided a
framework for..
The present study will be similar to that
of. in the following aspects.
 LAWS
PROTECTING
INTELLECTUAL
PROPERTY RIGHTS
IN THE
PHILIPPINES
 Republic Act No. 165
Enacted on June 20, 1947
According to Sec. 74 the penalties are
fine of not less than one hundred pesos
nor more than one thousand pesos, or
imprisonment for not less than one
month nor more than one year, or both,
in the discretion of the court. Actions
hereunder shall prescribe in two years
 Republic Act No. 166
AN ACT TO PROVIDE FOR THE
REGISTRATION AND PROTECTION OF
TRADE-MARKS, TRADE-NAMES AND
SERVICE-MARKS, DEFINING UNFAIR
COMPETITION AND FALSE MARKING AND
PROVIDING REMEDIES AGAINST THE
SAME, AND FOR OTHER PURPOSES
Enacted on June 20, 1947
 Republic Act No. 422

Approved in January 6, 1955

transferring the examination of
copyright applications to the Bureau of
Public Libraries.
 Republic Act No. 623
Republic Act No. 5434
Administrative Order No. 94
Presidential Decree No. 721
Presidential Decree No. 1263
Executive Order No. 133
Executive Order No. 60
SOURCES: