Chapter 9

FUZZY INFERENCE

Chi-Yuan Yeh
GMP and GMT

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 Fuzzy rule as a relation
If x is A, then y is B
x is A, y is B fuzzy predicates A( x), B( y )
If A( x), then B( y )
can be represented by relation
R( x, y ) : A( x) B( y )
R( x, y ) can be considered a fuzzy set with 2 - dim membership function
R ( x, y ) f ( A ( x), B ( y ))
where f is " fuzzy implication function" , performs the task
of transforming the membership degrees of x in A and y in B
into those of ( x, y ) in A B

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Fuzzy implications

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Example of Fuzzy implications

Let T and H be universe of temperature and humidity,

and define variables t T and h H.
A " high" , A T
B " fairly high" , B H
then the rule can be rewritten as
R(t, h) : If t is A, then h is B
R(t) : t is A, R(h) : h is B
R(t, h) : R(t) R(h)
R(t, h) A B A (t ) B (h) /(t , h)
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Example of Fuzzy implications

R(t, h) A B A (t ) B (h) /(t , h)

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Example of Fuzzy implications
When " temperature is fairly high" or t is A ' , A ' T

We can use composition of fuzzy relations to find R(h)

R( h) R(t ' ) R C (t , h)

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 Compositional rule of inference
The inference procedure is called as the compositional rule of inference. The
inference is determined by two factors : implication operator and
composition operator.

For the implication, the two operators are often used:

For the composition, the two operators are often used:

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 Representation of Fuzzy Rule
Single input and single output
Fact: u is A ' : R (u )
Rule: If u is A then w is C : R(u, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u ) oR(u, w)

Multiple inputs and single output

Fact: u1 is A1' ' and u2 is A2' ' and ... and un is An' '
Rule: If u1 is A1 and u2 is A2 and ... and un is An then w is C
Result: w is C '
Multiple inputs and Multiple outputs
Fact: u1 is A1' and u2 is A2' and ... and un is An'
Rule: If u1 is A1 and u2 is A2 and ... and un is An then w1 is C1 , w2 is C2 ,..., wm is Cm
Result: w1 is C1' , w2 is C2' ,..., wm is Cm'
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 Representation of Fuzzy Rule
Multiple rules
Fact : u1 is A' 1 and u 2 is A ' 2 and ... and un is A' n
Rule j : If u1 is A' 1 j and u 2 is A ' 2 j and ... and u n is A' nj , then w 1j is C '1j , w 2j is C ' 2j , ..., w mj is C ' mj
Result : w 1 is C '1 , w 2 is C ' 2 , ..., w m is C ' m

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 Representation of Fuzzy Rule
Singleton
Fact: u is A '
Rule: If u is A then w is C Fuzzy input
Result: w is C '

Singleton fuzzy set

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 Representation of Fuzzy Rule

Fact: u is A '
Rule: If u is A then w is C
Result: w is C ' fuzzy set

Consequence fuzzy set with a monotonic function
crisp function
:

fuzzy set fuzzy set with a crisp function

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monotonic function
 Representation of Fuzzy Rule

Fact: u is A ' : R (u )
Rule: If u is A then w is C : R(u, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u ) oR(u, w)

Max-min composition operator

R (u , w) : A C

Mamdani: min operator for the implication

Larsen: product operator for the implication 13
 One singleton input and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani
Fact: u is A ' : R (u )
Rule: If u is A then w is C : R(u, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u ) oR(u, w)

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 One singleton input and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani

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 One singleton input and one fuzzy
output
Larsen
Fact: u is A ' : R (u )
Rule: If u is A then w is C : R(u, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u ) oR(u, w)

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 One singleton input and one fuzzy
output
Larsen

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 One fuzzy input and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani
Fact: u is A ' : R (u )
Rule: If u is A then w is C : R(u, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u ) oR(u, w)

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 One fuzzy input and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani

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 MIMO to MISO
R {R 1MIMO , R 2 MIMO , R 3 MIMO , , R n MIMO }
where R i MIMO represents the rule :
If x is A i and y is Bi , then z1 is Ci , , z q is D i
R i MIMO :
n
R {R i MIMO }
i 1
n
{( Ai Bi ) ( z1 z q )}
i 1
n n n
{[( Ai Bi ) z1 ], [( Ai Bi ) z 2 ], , [( Ai Bi ) z q ]}
i 1 i 1 i 1
q n
{[( Ai Bi ) z k ]}
k 1 i 1
q n
{RB k
MISO } where RB k
MISO [( Ai Bi ) z k ]
k 1 i 1

{RB 1
MISO , RB 2
MISO , , RB k
MISO , , RB q MISO }
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 Ri consists of R and R 1 2

Rule i : If u is A i and v is Bi , then w is Ci

C 'i (A ' , B' ) (A i and Bi Ci )
C'i ( A ' , B' ) ( Ai Bi C )
( A ' , B' ) (min( A i , Bi ) C )
( A ' , B' ) min[( Ai C ), ( Bi C )]
max min{( A ' , B' ), min[( A i C ), ( Bi C )]}
u ,v

max min{min[ A ' , ( Ai C )], min[ B' , ( Bi C )]}

u ,v

min{[ A ' ( A i C )], [ B' ( Bi C )]}

C 'i [A ' (A i Ci )] [B' (Bi Ci )]

[A ' R 1i ] [A ' R i2 ]
C1i Ci2
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 Example
R : if x is A and y is B, then z is C
where A (0,1,2), B (1,2,3), C (5,6,7) are triangular fuzzy sets.
If input x 0 1 and y 0 1.5 (Singleton) , then output?

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Two singleton inputs and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani
Fact: u is A ' and v is B ' : R (u , v)
Rule: If u is A and v is B then w is C : R(u, v, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u, v) oR(u , v, w)

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Two singleton inputs and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani

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 Example
R : if x is A and y is B, then z is C
where A (0,1,2), B (1,2,3), C (5,6,7) are triangular fuzzy sets.
If input x 0 1 and y 0 1.5 (Singleton) , then output?

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 Two fuzzy inputs and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani
Fact: u is A ' and v is B ' : R (u , v)
Rule: If u is A and v is B then w is C : R(u, v, w)
Result: w is C ' : R( w) R(u, v) oR(u , v, w)

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 Two fuzzy inputs and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani

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 Two fuzzy inputs and one fuzzy
output
Mamdani

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 Example
R : if x is A and y is B, then z is C
where A (0,1,2), B (1,2,3), C (5,6,7) are triangular fuzzy sets.
If input A' (1,2,3) and B' (1.5, 2.5, 3.5) (Fuzzy set) , then output?

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Multiple rules

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Multiple rules

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Multiple rules

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 Example
R 1 : if x is A1 , then z is C1
R 2 : if x is A 2 , then z is C 2
where A1 (0,1,2), C1 (1,2,3), A 2 (0.5,1.5,2.5), C 2 (2,3,4)
are triangular fuzzy sets.
If input x 0 1 (Singleton) , then output?

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Mamdani method

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Mamdani method

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Mamdani method

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Mamdani method

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Larsen method

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Larsen method

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Larsen method

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Larsen method

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Tsukamoto method

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Tsukamoto method

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TSK method

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TSK method

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Thanks for your attention!

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