Contents

Introduction
Types of fibre
Importance and application of fibres
Literature Review
Materials
Mix proportions
Testing
Schedule of Time
 Introduction
Def of FRC: Composite material consisting of mixtures of
mortar or concrete and discontinuous, discrete, uniformly
dispersed suitable fibers.

Current application: On-ground floors, airport and

highway pavements, earthquake-resistant and explosive-resistant
structures, mine and tunnel linings, hydraulic structures, rock-
slope stabilization, etc.

Fibre enhances the properties like tensile strength,

compressive strength, elastic modulus, resistance, fatigue life.
It provides resistance to impact and abrasion, shrinkage crack .

Fibres can be used as primary and secondary reinforcement.

Primary reinforcement- Steel fibres
Secondary reinforcement- nylon 6 fibres
 Types of Fibre
Fibres are mainly classified as follows:
(i) Steel fibers
(ii) Glass fibers
(iii) Synthetic fibers
(iv) Natural fibers

Synthetic fiber -acrylic, aramid, carbon, nylon, polyester,

polyethylene and polypropylene.

Natural fiber -coconut, sisal, sugarcane, bamboo,

jute, flax, elephant grass, water reed,
plantain, and wood fiber.
Importance and application of fibres
Importance of steel fibre
compressive strength,
direct tension
Shear & torsion.
application of fibres
shotcreting of tunnels
slope stabilizations
mine roof support
pre cast for tunnel linings
foundation slabs
Roads
Runwas & taxiways
factory flooring
pre cast walls
concrete pipes.
Importance of nylon fibre
Provides resistance to alkalies, chemicals and chlorides
Reduces plastic shrinkage cracking, settlement and
concrete permeability
Results in increased abrasion, impact resistance and
fatigue strength

Application of nylon fiber

Shotcrete and pool construction

Precast units and slip form curbs
Sprayed and plastered cement
 Literature Review
Pey-Shiuan Song, et al, presented research on
Investigating Mechanical Properties of
Steel- Nylon hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete
by using experimental design.

There was one type of nylon fiber (N) and four

types of steel fibers (S), of which, S1, S2, and S3
were hooked-end fibers and S4 was crimped fiber.

Nylon fibers taken 0 kg/m3, 0.6 kg/m3 and 1.2

kg/m3, &
steel fibers taken 0 kg/m3, 10 kg/m3 and 20
kg/m3.

NS1 reached a very significant level of

M. K. Yew et al carried out research on Strength
properties of hybrid nylon-steel and
polypropylene-steel fibre reinforced high
strength concrete at low volume fraction

The content steel fibres is at 0.4% volume fraction, and the

content of micro nylon and polypropylene-fibres is at 0.1%
volume fraction.

The compressive strength, splitting tensile strength

and modulus of rupture (MOR) properties of the
nylon-steel fibre concrete improved by 3.2, 8.3 and
10.2%, respectively, over those of
thepolypropylene-steel fibre concrete.

On the impact resistance, the first-crack and failure

strengths improved more for the nylon-steel-fibre
Dr. Mazin Burhan Adeen et al University of Tikrit, Iraq has
presented paper on Determination of mechanical properties of
hybrid steel-nylon fiber reinforced concrete

Five diff mixes of nylon to steel fibres are taken as 100-0%, 70-
30%, 50-50%, 30-70% and 0-100% .

They concluded that inclusion of steel and nylon fibers to the

concrete mix strongly increased the compressive and the split
tensile strength of concrete and the inclusion of nylon fiber seem
to have a slight effect on the flexure strength.
Kaoru Kurono et al presented their research on Improvement
of the resistance to concrete spalling by using a nylon fiber.

They studied the use of concrete containing a very small

amount of nylon fiber, in order to prevent the accidents due to
concrete spalling. The resistance to spalling is evaluated by the
impact test.

It was found that the nylon fiber shows a good improvement in

the resistance to concrete spalling even in a small content of
about 0.3kg/m3
 Materials
Cement: (OPC) 43 grade

Fine aggregate: Locally available sand

Coarse Aggregate: Max. size of 20 mm coarse aggregate

Water

Superplasticizer

Fibres: Hooked end steel fiber & nylon 6

Steel fiber Nylon 6 fibre
 Details of fibres
Properties Steel fibre Nylon 6 fibre
Length 30 mm 20mm

Diameter 0.5 mm 0.3mm

Density 7850 (kg/m3) 1130 (kg/m3)

Youngs modulus 210 GPa 4.2 GPa

Shape: hooked at end Shape: hooked at end straight

 Fibrous concrete mixes

Types of Fiber mix proportion by volume (%)

fibre
1st mix 2nd mix 3rd mix 4th mix 5th mix

Steel 0 100 75 50 25

Nylon 6 0 00 25 50 75
 Testing
Testing consists of testing of
Physical properties of materials
Properties of fresh concrete
Mechanical properties of harden concrete

Testing of physical properties of

materials:
1.Physical properties of cement like:
fineness, setting time, specific gravity, normal
consistency, soundness & compressive strength
2. Physical properties of sand & aggregate like:
specific gravity, water absorption, & sieve analysis
Test on fresh Concrete:
Workability test : slump cone test

Testing of mechanical properties of

hardened concrete
1. Compressive Strength
2. Split Tensile Test
3. Flexural Strength Test
 Details of specimens
% of fibres No. of Total
S. No. Name of test Specimen added specimens at specimens
7 days 28
days
0-0% 3 3
Compressive Cube 150mm x 100-00% 3 3
strength test 150mm x 150mm 75-25% 3 3 30 cubes
1. 50-50% 3 3
25-75% 3 3
0-0% 3 3
Split tensile test Cylinder 150mm 100-00% 3 3 30
dia and 300mm 75-25% 3 3 cylinders
height 50-50% 3 3
25-75% 3 3
2.
0-0% 3 3
Flexure strength Beam 100 mmx 100-00% 3 3
3. test 100 mm x 500 75-25% 3 3 30 beams
mm 50-50% 3 3
25-75% 3 3
 Objective of the Study

Literature Review

Procurement of
materials

Casting of
specimens

Test on fresh concrete Test on harden concrete

Result and
Discussion
Modeling of Data

Conclusion
 Schedule of Time
Activities Duration Period

1 month Upto 31st Jan. 2014

Understanding of Topic &
Literature Review
1 week 21 Jan-31 Jan 2014
Procurement of Material

Experimental Work (casting) 2 weeks 1st Feb-28th Feb 2014

Testing of Specimens 1.25 months 7th Feb-30th Mar 2014

Modeling of Results 2 weeks 1st April-15th April

Dissertation Writing I month 16th april-15th May

 REFERENCES
1. C. Chandra et al, Flexural behavior of solo and hybrid fibre concrete- a
comparative study, International Journal of Engineering Sciences &
Research Technology, Vol. 2 Issue7, July 2013.
2. Pey-Shiuan Song, et al, Investigating Mechanical Properties of Steel-
Nylon hybrid fiber-reinforced concrete by using experimental design,
Journal Of C.C.I.T., Vol.42, No.1, May, 2013
3. Parveen and Ankit Sharma, Structural Behaviour of Fibrous Concrete
Using Polypropylene Fibres, International Journal of Modern
Engineering Research (IJMER), Vol.3, Issue.3, May-June. 2013 pp-
1279-1282
4. Karthik M.P. and Maruthachalam D., Mechanical properties of hybrid
fibre reinforced concrete with available of rural fibres, International
Journal of Engineering Sciences & Research Technology, April, 2013
5. Vikrant S. Vairagade et al, Experimental investigation on hybrid fiber
reinforced concrete, Vol. 2, Issue 3, May-Jun 2012, pp.1037-1041
6. M. K. Yew et al, Strength properties of hybrid nylon-steel and
polypropylene-steel fibre reinforced high strength concrete at low volume
fraction, November 2011.
7. S. Eswari et al, Regression modeling for strength and toughness
evaluation
of hybrid fibre reinforced concrete, ARPN Journal of Engineering and
Applied Sciences, VOL. 6, NO. 5, May 2011
8. Dr. Mazin Burhan Adeen et al, Determination of mechanical properties of
hybrid steel-nylon fiber reinforced concrete, Modern Applied Science, Vol.
4, No. 12; December 2010.
9. S.P. Singh et al, Strength and flexural toughness of concrete reinforced
with steel polypropylene hybrid fibres, asian journal of civil engineering
(building and housing), Vol. 11, NO. 4 (2010), pp 495-507
10. Kaoru Kurono et al, Improvement of the resistance to concrete spalling
by using a nylon fiber.