Chapter 19: Europe Expands

Overseas

I. Extension of European Culture

A) Growth of the
United States

Geographic and Political Expansion

Westward movement
Louisiana Purchase
Mexican War
Purchase of Alaska
A) Growth of the United States

Geographic and Political Expansion

Hawaii, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the
Philippines
Expansion in participation in government
A) Growth of the United States

Sectional Differences
Northern society
Southern society
Sectional issues overshadowed national unity
Civil War
Defeat of Southern forces
 A) Growth of the United
States

Growth in Industry and Population

Rapid industrial expansion after the Civil War
Enormous growth in population
Immigration
A) Growth of the United States

Isolation in
Foreign Affairs
Policy of neutrality
Monroe Doctrine
Trade agreements
and opportunities
 A) Growth of the United States

Isolation in Foreign Affairs

Napoleon III sent French troops and Maximilian
to Mexico
Spanish-American War
New territories
Roosevelt Corollary
 B) British Colonies Granted Independence

Canada
Originally a French colony
Quebec Act (1774)
French Canadians
British Loyalists fled to Canada
Upper Canada (Ontario)
Lower Canada (Quebec)
 B) British Colonies Granted Independence

Canada
British North America Act
Dominion of Canada
B) British Colonies Granted Independence

Australia and New Zealand

James Cook
First Australian settlers mostly convicts
 B) British Colonies Granted Independence

Australia and New

Zealand
Commonwealth of
Australia
New Zealand became
a self-governing
dominion
Maoris
 B) British Colonies Granted Independence

South Africa
Dutch colonists: Boers
Great Trek
Transvaal and Orange Free State
B) Latin America Gains Independence

Struggle for Independence

Tight control by Spain and Portugal
Peninsulares
Criollos

B) Latin America Gains Independence

Struggle for Independence

Joseph Bonaparte given the Spanish throne
Simn Bolvar
Jos de San Martn
Wars of liberation
B) Latin America Gains Independence

Struggle for Independence

Portuguese colony of Brazil
Royal family arrived in 1807
Brazil prospered
B) Latin America Gains Independence

Struggle for Independence

Dom Pedro declared Brazil
independent, became
emperor
Dom Pedro II
Republic
Military caudillos
 B) Latin America Gains Independence

Struggle for Independence

Mexico
Porfirio Diaz became a dictator
Francisco Madero eventually became president
Madero assassinated
 B) Latin America Gains
Independence

Problems of Self-government
Political instability
Monopoly of land and wealth by a few
Powerful influence of the Roman Church
 B) Latin America Gains Independence

Problems of Self-government
Ethnic disunity
Conflict among Latin American countries
Economic weakness
 B) Latin America Gains Independence

Problems of Self-government
European and U.S. involvement
II. Extension of
European Power
Imperialism

The dominance and power asserted by

one nation over less-powerful nations
A) Reasons for Imperialism
Expansion of
industrialism
Demand for raw
materials and new
markets
Intense nationalism
Honor and prestige
Strategic locations
A) Reasons for Imperialism

Humanitarianism
Often became nothing more than an excuse
Spread of Christian missions
Often at odds with imperialists
B) Imperialism in the East
Asia
Resistance to Western
culture
India
British defeat French
Battle of Plassey
Robert Clive
British East India Co.
B) Imperialism in the East

India
Financial considerations
Missions
Sepoy Mutiny
British government assumes control
B) Imperialism in the East

China
Manchu dynasty
War with Great Britain
Opium Wars
Treaty of Nanking
Hong Kong
Other countries forced China to open its ports
B) Imperialism in the East

China
Western demands
Right of Western nations
to station warships in
Chinese waters
Extraterritoriality
Sino-Japanese War
 B) Imperialism in the East

China
Boxer Rebellion
Foreign troops had to intervene
B) Imperialism in the East

Japan
Shoguns: Tokugawa family
Matthew Perry
Treaty of Kanagawa
Civil war restored emperor to throne
B) Imperialism in the East

Japan
Meiji Period
Japan becomes major industrial power
Adopted some western ways
Aggressive expansion
Russo-Japanese War
 B) Imperialism in the East

Southeast Asia
Europeans seized the entire region except
Siam
British: Ceylon, Malaya, Burma, Singapore
B) Imperialism in the East

Southeast Asia
French: Indochina
Dutch: East Indies
Culture system
C) Imperialism in Africa

African Slave Trade

Portugal was the first European nation
Many nations participated in it
Europeans usually bought slaves from
slave traders and tribes on the coast
 C) Imperialism in Africa

African Slave Trade

Treatment
About died on the voyage across the Atlantic
 C) Imperialism in Africa

Opening up the Interior

David Livingstone
Henry Stanley
Enthusiasm for missions
C) Imperialism in Africa
The Partitioning of
Africa
By WWI, only Ethiopia
and Liberia remained
independent
Britain
Suez Canal
Cecil John Rhodes
From Cape to Cairo
 C) Imperialism in Africa
The Partitioning of Africa
France
Algeria
Foreign Legion
C) Imperialism in Africa
The Partitioning of Africa
Belgium
King Leopold II
Congo Free State
Belgium government took it, renamed it Belgian
Congo
C) Imperialism in Africa

The Partitioning of Africa

Germany
Karl Peters
D) Imperialism in the Balkans and Near East

Russia sought additional territory

Access to Mediterranean
Opposition in Europe
Afghanistan and Persia
Opposition by Britain
Anglo-Russian Entente
Manchuria
Lost to Japanese
III. Results of Imperialism

Negative Results
Exploitation of people and resources
Large gulf between urban and rural areas
Armies
Delay of natural development of countries
III. Results of Imperialism

Positive Results
Democratic governments
Bureaucracies
Judicial systems
Missionary outreach
Spreading the Gospel
Other activities
Advocates for native peoples
The End!