INTRODUCTION

TO SQL
SQL:
SQL (Structured Query Language)

A language that provides an interface to

Relational Database Management System.

2
DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM(DBMS)
DATA:
Collection of meaning full information

DATABASE:
Organized collection of meaning full information

DATABASE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM:

Set of programs used to store and retrieve
data in an organized fashion
Types Of Database Management Systems:
File Management System(FDBMS)

Hierarchical Management System(HDBMS)

Network Management System(NDBMS)

Relational Database Management System(RDBMS)

 FILE MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Advantages:
Simplicity in managing database

Disadvantages:
Sequential access
Structural changes where not possible
Complexity in writing code to access data

Example: Borlands Reflex

HIERARCHICAL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Advantages:
Faster access to database

Disadvantages:
No Many-to-Many relationship
Structural changes where not possible
Redundancy of data

Example: Information Mnagement System

NETWORK MANAGEMENT SYSTEM

Advantages:
Many-To-Many relationship is possible
No redundancy Of Data
Disadvantages:

Structural changes were not possible

Complexity in writing code to access data

Example: Neural Network Applications

 CODDS RULES:
Information Rule

Rule of Guaranteed Access

Systematic Treatment Of Null values

database Description Rule

Comprehensive Data Sub-Language Rule

View Updating Rule

 Insert and Update Rule

Physical Independence Rule

Logical Data Independence Rule

Integrity Independence Rule

Distribution Rule

Non-Subversion Rule
 Introduction To Oracle
Relational Software Incorporated(RSI) introduced
its first RDBMS named oracle v.2 in the year 1979

RSI was renamed to its own product name ORACLE

in the year 1983

ORACLE released its first ORDBMS version ORACLE8

in the year 1997
ORACLE8i released in the year 1999

ORACLE8i supported Java Virtual Machine (JVM)

using which we can interact with Oracle Database
through SQLJ

SQLJ is the interpreter between JAVA and SQL

ORACLE9i database released in 2001

 ORACLE DATABASE PRODUCTS

ORACLE ENTERPRISE EDITION

ORACLE STANDARD EDITION

ORACLE PERSONEL EDITION

ORACLE LITE