Auxiliary Views

Introduction
There are times when the six principal views will not
completely describe an object.
This is especially true when there are inclined or oblique
planes or features on an object. For these cases, a special
orthographic view called an auxiliary view can be created.
An auxiliary view is an orthographic view which is
projected onto any plane other than the frontal,
horizontal, or profile plane.
One of the principle reasons for drawing auxiliary views is
to show a surface at true size and shape.
Auxiliary Views
Introduction

None of the views gives an accurate depiction of

surface ABCD.
Auxiliary Views
Finding the True Shape

A viewing plane
parallel to the
surface is required to
get true size and
shape.
Auxiliary Views
Fold Lines

Fold lines represent

the edges of the
glass box
Orthographic lines
are projected from
adjacent views
across fold lines.
Object distances
from fold lines are
obtained from related
views.
Auxiliary Views
Miter Lines to Transfer Distances

It is an easy way
to transfer
dimensions
between related
views.
We have been
using this in
multi-view
drawing anyway.
Auxiliary Views
How to Draw an Auxiliary View
Using the Center Plane Reference

In diagram A, (to the left)

the object is shown in a
pictorial view.
Because the object is
symmetrical, you use a
center plane as a reference
plane, to make the auxiliary
view using the following
steps.
Auxiliary Views
How to Draw an Auxiliary View
Using the Center Plane Reference
Diagram B shows you use a center
plane as a reference plane, (center
plane construction).
The edge view of this plane appears
as a centerline, line XY, on the top
view. Number the intersection points
on the top view.
Then transfer these numbers to the
edge view of the inclined surface on
the front view, as shown.
Auxiliary Views
How to Draw an Auxiliary View
Using the Center Plane Reference

Parallel to this edge view of the

angled surface and at a
convenient distance from it,
draw the line X'Y', as shown in
Diagram C to the left.
Auxiliary Views
How to Draw an Auxiliary View
Using the Center Plane Reference

Now, in the top view, find the

distances (D1 & D2) from the
numbered points to the
centerline.
These are the depth
measurement. Transfer them
onto the corresponding
construction lines (gold color)
that you have just drawn,
measuring them off on either
side of line XY as shown in
Diagram D.
Auxiliary Views
How to Draw an Auxiliary View
Using the Center Plane Reference

Connect and number these

points as in Diagram E and you
will have the auxiliary view of
the inclined surface. Now lets
watch it done all together along
with how its done with an
ellipse.
Auxiliary Views
Auxiliary View of an Ellipse
Drawing Section
Views
Section
Views
Section Views
Introduction
A section view is a view used on a drawing to show an area
or hidden part of an object by cutting away or removing
some of that object.
The cut line is called a cutting plane, and can be done in
several ways.
It is very important to Visualize what the part will look like
after it is cut open.
Choosing the type of section and location of the cutting
plane.
Making the cut and drawing the view in the proper location.
Section Views
Types of Sections

The various kinds of sectioning are:

Full section,
Half section,
Offset section,
Part section,
Revolved section and
Removed section
Section Views
Full Sections

In a full section, the cutting plane line passes fully

through the part.
Section Views
Half Sections
Half Section is used to
the exterior and interior
of the part in the same
view.
The cutting-plane line
cuts halfway through
the part and removes
one quarter of the
material.
The line that separates
the different types
(interior and exterior)
may be a centerline or a
visible line.
Section Views
Offset Sections

Used to show parts

and features that do
not line up with each
other.
Cutting-plane line
does not travel in a
straight line.
The offsets or bends
in the cutting-plane
line do not show in
the section.
The versatility of
this section makes
it very useful.
Section Views
Part Sections
Part section is a technique that is used to expose a
small part of the interior of an object by removing a small
part of the object.
The view is basically an outside view with a small portion
removed. The break line is illustrated with irregular thin
continuous lines
Section Views
Revolved Sections

Revolved section shows only the features on the cut

plane. It is used to depict the section of an elongated
object without the need to show the entire sectional
view.
Instead of projecting the section onto an adjacent view,
the resulting section obtained from the cutting is revolved
90 and is placed on the same view.
Section Views
Removed Sections

Removed section is similar to revolved section in that

only the cut plane is shown. However, the section is
placed elsewhere on the drawing.
Section Lining

Materials Common
materials
The symbol for cast
iron can be used for
most section views.
Refer to any common
drafting text for
additional symbols.
Section Lining

45 degree angle lines should be used.

1/8 between lines.
All lines should be uniformly spaced
Thin sections may be blackened in completely
Spacing lines by eye increases speed
Section Lining
Section Lining Line
Placement
Lines should never be parallel or perpendicular to the
object lines.
If the outline of the object has 45 degree lines, 30 or 60
degree lines should be used.
Assemblies with several parts should be lined with
varying angle section lines.
Section Lining Line
Placement
Thank You