Brakes system

Provide a means of using friction to

either slow, stop, or hold the wheels
of a vehicle
When a tractor is moving, it has
kinetic energy (inertia)
To stop the vehicle, the brakes
convert mechanical (moving) energy
into heat
 Brake Operation
When the driver pushes on the brake
pedal, lever action pushes a rod into
the brake through linkage and cam
The leverage developed in the linkage
forces through the brake lines to the
wheel brake assemblies
The brake assemblies use this
pressure to cause friction for braking
 Parking Brake
The parking brake system uses
cables or rods to mechanically apply
the rear brakes
Provides a system for holding the
wheels when the vehicle is parked,
or stopping the vehicle during
complete pedal brake system failure
 Drum and Disc Brakes
Two common types of
brake assemblies:
Disc brakes
often used on the front
wheels
Drum brakes
often used on the rear
wheels
 Disc Brakes
A friction pads is pressed against
both sides of a rotating disc.
This type of brake is commonly
found on the front wheels of cars.
They have good air flow around
the brake which quickly dissipates heat.
Mechanical Brakes
 Comparison of front wheel braking
effort to rear wheel braking effort
When a vehicle stops, its weight
tends to transfer onto the front
wheels
The rear tires lose some of their grip
The front wheels must do more of the
braking
 Typical Braking Ratios
Rear-wheel drive vehicles:
front brakes may handle 60% to 70% of
the braking, rear brakes handle 30% to
40%
Front-wheel drive vehicles:
more weight is concentrated on the front
wheels
braking ratio is even higher at the front
wheels
 Automotive brakes use a hydraulic
system
Hydraulic brakes use confined brake
fluid to transfer brake pedal motion
and pressure to each of the wheel
brake assemblies
 Hydraulic Principles
Liquids in a confined area will not
compress
When pressure is applied to a closed
system, pressure is exerted equally in
all directions
Hydraulics can be used to increase or
decrease force or motion
 Hydraulic System Action

Pressure and motion can be transferred

from one cylinder to another
Cylinders of the same size:
if one piston is moved, the other will move
the same amount with the same force
Cylinders of different size:
if the smaller piston is moved, the larger
piston will move with more force but will
move a shorter distance
Hydraulic System Action

In a hydraulic jack, a
small piston acts on a
large piston, resulting
in great force, but a
small amount of
movement
Hydraulic System Action

Hydraulic jack operation

Hydraulic Brake Action

The master cylinder acts as the

pumping piston that supplies system
pressure
The wheel cylinder acts as the power
piston, moving the friction linings into
contact with the rotating drums or
discs
Hydraulic Brake Action
Type of brakes
Brake Pedal Assembly

A lever to increase the force applied to

the master cylinder piston
 Master Cylinder
Foot-operated pump that forces fluid to
the brake lines and wheel cylinders
Develops pressure to apply the brakes
Equalizes pressure required for braking
Keeps the system full of fluid as the
linings wear
May maintain a slight pressure to keep
contaminants from entering the system
Master Cylinder

Brakes applied Brakes released

Master Cylinder Components