Override and selective control are

usually implemented for SAFETY

and OPTIMIZATION considerations.
Safety - the condition of being protected
from or unlikely to cause danger, risk, or
injury.

Optimization - the action of making the

best or most effective use of a situation or
resource.
 Override, or constraint, control is a
powerful yet simple control strategy
generally used as a protective strategy to
maintain process variables within limits
that must be enforced to ensure the safety
of personnel and equipment and product
quality.
 During the normal operation of a
plant or during its startup or shutdown it is
possible that dangerous situations may
arise which may lead to destruction of
equipment and operating personnel.
 In such cases it is necessary to change
from the normal control action and
attempt to prevent a process variable from
exceeding an allowable upper or lower
limit.
 HSS (high selector switch):- whenever a
variable should not exceed an upper
limit.

LSS (low selector switch); to prevent a

process variable from exceeding a lower
limit.
Override control to protect a boiler
system
Discharge Line Steam

Loop 1
Loop 2
PT

Boiler

LC LSS PC
LT

Water
 Discharge Line Steam

Loop 1
Loop 2
PT

Boiler

LC LSS PC
LT

Water

Steam pressure in the boiler is controlled through the use of a

pressure control loop on the discharge line (Loop 1).
Water level in the boiler should not fall below a lower limit necessary to
keep the heating coil immersed in water thus preventing its burning out.

Therefore an override control system using an LSS is used. If

liquid level falls below the allowable limit, the LSS switches the control
action from pressure control to level control (Loop 2) whenever discharge
pressure reaches the upper limit.
 Override control to protect a compressor

HSS F
C

Loop 2 Loop 1
S P
C C

FT
PT

Gas in

Gas out

Motor

Compressor

An override control with HSS is used to prevent discharge pressure

from exceeding an upper limit. It transfers control action from the
flow control to the pressure control loop (Loop 2).
 Selective control refers to a control
system in which the more important of two
variables will be maintained.
 Selective control is most often used
when equipment must be protected or
safety maintained
Plug Flow Reactor
END