Mr. Rudy V.

Ortea, RC
Faculty member
College of Criminology
Lyceum of the Philippines University
 Penology
Corrections
Punishments

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 It is the study of punishment for crime or of
criminal offenders.

It also includes the study of control and

prevention of crime through punishment of
criminal offenders.

It is derived from the Latin word POENA

which means pain or suffering.

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 Also known as, Penal Science.

A division of Criminology that deals

with prison management and the
treatment of offenders, and
concerned itself with the philosophy
and practice of the society in its effort
to repress criminal activities.

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 To bring light in the ethical barriers of
punishment, along with the motives and
purposes of society inflicting it.

To make comparative study of penal laws

and procedures through history between
nations.

To evaluate the socials consequences of

the policies enforced at a given time.
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 It is the manner or practice of managing
or controlling places of confinement of
as in jails or prisons.

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 It is a branch of Criminal Justice System
concerned with the custody, supervision,
and rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

It utilizes the body of knowledge and

practices of the government, and the
society in general involving processes of
handling individuals who have been
convicted of offenses for purposes of crime
prevention and control.

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 As a process, it is the reorientation of
the criminal offender to prevent him or
her from repeating his delinquent
actions without the necessity of taking
punitive action but rather introduction
of individual measures for
reformation.

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 It is the study and practice of a
systematic management of jails or
prisons and other institutions concerned
with the custody, treatment, and
rehabilitation of criminal offenders.

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 It is the fourth pillar of the CJS.

It is considered as the weakest pillar

because of the failure to deter
individuals in committing crimes as well
as the reformation of inmates.

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 has been regarded by many as an
effective means of social control

It is the redress that the state takes

against an offending member of society
that usually involves pain and suffering.

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 It must be productive of suffering without
affecting the integrity of the human
personality.

It must be commensurate to the offense.

It must be personal.

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 It must be legal.

It must be equal for all.

It must be correctional.

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 The 1987 Constitution directs that excessive fines
shall not be imposed, nor cruel and unusual
punishment inflicted. The punishment or penalty
imposed is deemed unusual and cruel when it is
disproportionate to the offense committed and
morally shocking to a person of reasonable mind
as to what is commensurate under the
circumstances which attended to its commission.

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 In the ancient times, rulers and kings
were perceived to be infallible.

Their next of kin and upperclassmen are

likewise benefited with exemptions to
punishment given to commoners

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 In 1843, the MNagthan case of England
paved way for the exemption of law
violators who have an unsound mind or
otherwise suffering from mental illness
which causes crimes.

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 In the Philippines, the state recognizes
several circumstances in which a person
has transgressed the law would not suffer
its consequences:
Minority of age
Absence of intelligence
Absence of freedom or action
Absence of negligence on the part of the
accused

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 Death penalty

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 Torture or
corporal
punishment

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 Public humiliation or social degradation
Banishment or exile

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 Retribution
way of personal vengeance. It would depend
on the degree of satisfaction the aggrieved
or offended party would obtain.

Atonement or expiation
penalty is commensurate with the gravity of
the offense based on the norms observed by
the members of the society, form of group
vengeance.

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 Deterrence
based on the belief that the offender when
punished and inflicted with suffering would
learn the lessons the hard way.

Protection
regarded as social defense wherein the
society would gain protection by putting
criminals behind bars.

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 Reformation
the states believe that the society would be
best protected when law violators would
return to the community as responsible and
productive members of the society.

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