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Job Order

Costing
Chapter 19

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Learning Objectives
1. Distinguish between job order
costing and process costing
2. Record materials and labor
costs in a job order costing
system
3. Calculate the predetermined
overhead allocation rate and
allocate overhead costs

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Learning Objectives
4. Record the completion and
sales of finished goods
5. Adjust for overallocated and
underallocated overhead
6. Calculate job costs for a service
company

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Learning Objective 1

Distinguish between
job order costing and
process costing

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Knowing the Cost of One Unit of
Product Helps Managers to:
Set selling prices that will lead to profits
Compute cost of goods sold for the
income statement
Compute the cost of inventory for the
balance sheet

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Examples of Unit Costs

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Costing Systems

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Four-Step Method to Track
Product Costs
1. Accumulate
2. Assign
3. Allocate
4. Adjust

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Would the following companies most likely use
job order costing or process costing?
1. Paint manufacturer
2. Print shop
3. Caterer
4. Soft drink bottler
5. Yacht builder

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-9


Would the following companies most likely use
job order costing or process costing?
1. Paint manufacturer Process costing
2. Print shop
3. Caterer
4. Soft drink bottler
5. Yacht builder

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-10


Would the following companies most likely use
job order costing or process costing?
1. Paint manufacturer Process costing
2. Print shop Job order costing
3. Caterer
4. Soft drink bottler
5. Yacht builder

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-11


Would the following companies most likely use
job order costing or process costing?
1. Paint manufacturer Process costing
2. Print shop Job order costing
3. Caterer Job order costing
4. Soft drink bottler
5. Yacht builder

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-12


Would the following companies most likely use
job order costing or process costing?
1. Paint manufacturer Process costing
2. Print shop Job order costing
3. Caterer Job order costing
4. Soft drink bottler Process costing
5. Yacht builder

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-13


Would the following companies most likely use
job order costing or process costing?
1. Paint manufacturer Process costing
2. Print shop Job order costing
3. Caterer Job order costing
4. Soft drink bottler Process costing
5. Yacht builder Job order costing

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Learning Objective 2

Record materials and


labor costs in a job
order costing system

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Flow of Product Costs in Job
Order Costing
Exhibit
Exhibit19-2
19-2Flow
Flowof
ofProduct
ProductCosts
Costsin
inJob
JobOrder
OrderCosting
Costing

Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job
Job2727
Direct
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job
Job2828
Direct
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Job Product costs


JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job for each job are
Job2929
Direct recorded on
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct individual job cost
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing records
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

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Flow of Product Costs in Job
Order Costing
Exhibit
Exhibit19-2
19-2Flow
Flowof
ofProduct
ProductCosts
Costsin
inJob
JobOrder
OrderCosting
Costing

BALANCE SHEET

Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory


Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job
Job2727 Costs Incurred
Direct Job 27
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct Job 28
DirectLabor
Labor Job 29
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job
Job2828 Costs incurred for each job are
Direct
DirectMaterials
Materials added to WIP with debits
Direct
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Job Product costs


JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job for each job are
Job2929
Direct recorded on
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct individual job cost
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing records
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

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Flow of Product Costs in Job Order
Costing
Exhibit
Exhibit19-2
19-2Flow
Flowof
ofProduct
ProductCosts
Costsin
inJob
JobOrder
OrderCosting
Costing

BALANCE SHEET

Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory


Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job COGM
Job2727 Costs Incurred COGM
Direct Job 27 Job 27 Job 27
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct Job 28 Job 28 Job 28
DirectLabor
Labor Job 29
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Job When the job is completed,


JobCost
CostRecord
Record the costs are transferred out
Job
Job2828 Costs incurred for each job are
of WIP with a credit and
Direct
DirectMaterials
Materials added to WIP with debits
transferred into FG with a debit.
Direct
DirectLabor
Labor This amount is
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead called the jobs Cost of Goods
Manufactured (COGM)
Job Product costs
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job for each job are
Job2929
Direct recorded on
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct individual job cost
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing records
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

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Flow of Product Costs in Job Order
Costing
Exhibit
Exhibit19-2
19-2Flow
Flowof
ofProduct
ProductCosts
Costsin
inJob
JobOrder
OrderCosting
Costing

BALANCE SHEET INCOME STATEMENT

Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory Cost of Goods Sold


Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job COGM COGS COGS
Job2727 Costs Incurred COGM
Direct Job 27 Job 27 Job 27 Job 27 Job 27
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct Job 28 Job 28 Job 28
DirectLabor
Labor Job 29
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Job When the job is completed, When


When the
the job
job is
is sold,
JobCost
CostRecord
Record the costs are transferred out
sold,
Job the
the costs are transferred out
costs are transferred
Job2828 Costs incurred for each job are
of WIP with a credit and
out
Direct of
of FG
FG with
with aa credit
credit and
DirectMaterials
Materials added to WIP with debits
transferred into FG with a debit.
and
Direct transferred
transferred into
into COGS
DirectLabor
Labor This amount is
COGS
Manufacturing with a debit.
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead called the jobs Cost of Goods
with a debit.
This
This amount
amount is is the
the jobs
jobs
Manufactured (COGM) Cost
Cost of Goods Sold (COGS).
of Goods Sold (COGS).
Job Product costs
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job for each job are
Job2929
Direct recorded on
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct individual job cost
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing records
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

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Purchasing Materials
Transaction 1Materials Purchased: During 2016,
Smart Touch purchased raw materials of $367,000 on
account.
A L + E
=

Raw Materials Inventory


Bal. 70,000

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Purchasing Materials
Transaction 1Materials Purchased: During 2016,
Smart Touch purchased raw materials of $367,000 on
account.
A L + E
=
RM A/P

Raw Materials Inventory


Bal. 70,000
Trans. 1 367,000

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Raw Materials Subsidiary Ledger

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Materials Requisition

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Job Cost RecordDirect
Materials Recorded

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Using Materials
Transaction 2Materials Used: In 2016, Smart
Touch used direct materials costing $355,000 and
indirect materials of $17,000.

A L + E
=

Raw Materials Inventory Work-in-Process Inventory


Bal. 70,000 Bal. 80,000
Trans. 1 367,000

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Using Materials
Transaction 2Materials Used: In 2016, Smart
Touch used direct materials costing $355,000 and
indirect materials of $17,000.

A L + E
RM = MOH
WIP

Raw Materials Inventory Work-in-Process Inventory


Bal. 70,000 Bal. 80,000
Direct materials
Trans. 1 367,000 Trans. 2 372,000 Trans. 2 355,000
$355,000

Manufacturing Overhead
Indirect materials Trans. 2 17,000
$17,000

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Job Cost RecordDirect
Labor Recorded

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Labor Costs Incurred
Transaction 3Labor Costs Incurred: During 2016, Smart
Touch incurred total labor costs of $197,000, of which $169,000
was direct labor and $28,000 was indirect labor.

A L + E
=

Work-in-Process Inventory
Bal. 80,000
Trans. 2 355,000

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000

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Labor Costs Incurred
Transaction 3Labor Costs Incurred: During 2016, Smart
Touch incurred total labor costs of $197,000, of which $169,000
was direct labor and $28,000 was indirect labor.

A L + E
WIP = Wages MOH
Pay

Wages Payable Work-in-Process Inventory


Trans. 3 197,000 Bal. 80,000
Trans. 2 355,000
Direct labor
Trans. 3 169,000
$169,000

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Indirect labor
Trans. 3 28,000
$28,000

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Record the following journal entries for Smith
Company:
6. Purchased materials on account, $10,000

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Record the following journal entries for Smith
Company:
6.Purchased materials on account, $10,000

Raw Materials Inventory 10,000


Accounts Payable 10,000

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Record the following journal entries for Smith
Company:
7.Used $6,000 in direct materials and $500 in
indirect materials in production.

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Record the following journal entries for Smith
Company:
7.Used $6,000 in direct materials and $500 in
indirect materials in production.

Work in Process Inventory 6,000


Manufacturing Overhead 500
Raw Materials Inventory 6,500

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Record the following journal entries for Smith
Company:
8.Incurred $8,000 in labor costs, of which 80% was
direct labor.

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Record the following journal entries for Smith
Company:
8.Incurred $8,000 in labor costs, of which 80% was
direct labor.

Work in Process Inventory 6,400


Manufacturing Overhead 1,600
Wages Payable 8,000

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Learning Objective 3

Calculate the
predetermined
overhead allocation
rate and allocate
overhead costs

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 4Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Depreciation on manufacturing plant and equipment, $20,000.
A L + E
=

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 4Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Depreciation on manufacturing plant and equipment, $20,000.
A L + E
Accum = MOH
Depr

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 5Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Plant utilities, $7,000.
A L + E
=

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 5Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Paid $7,000 for plant utilities.
A L + E
Cash = MOH

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000
Trans. 5 7,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 6Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Plant insurance, $6,000 (previously paid).
A L + E
=

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000
Trans. 5 7,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 6Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Plant insurance, $6,000 (previously paid).
A L + E
Prepaid = MOH
Ins

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000
Trans. 5 7,000
Trans. 6 6,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 7Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Plant property taxes incurred but not yet paid, $5,000.
A L + E
=

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000
Trans. 5 7,000
Trans. 6 6,000

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Actual Overhead Costs Incurred
Transaction 7Actual Overhead Costs Incurred:
Plant property taxes incurred but not yet paid, $5,000.
A L + E
= Prop Tax MOH
Pay

Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000
Trans. 3 28,000
Trans. 4 20,000
Trans. 5 7,000
Trans. 6 6,000
Trans. 7 5,000
Bal 83,000

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Steps for Allocating Overhead Costs

1. Calculating the predetermined overhead


rate before the period
2. Allocating overhead during the period
3. Adjusting overhead at the end of the
period

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Predetermined Overhead
Allocation Rate

Total estimated overhead costs


Total estimated quantity of the overhead allocation base

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Traditional Cost Drivers
Direct labor hours (for labor-intensive production
environments)

Direct labor cost (for labor-intensive production


environments)

Machine hours (for machine-intensive production


environments)

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Predetermined Overhead
Allocation Rate
At the end of 2015, Smart Touch estimated that
total overhead costs for 2016 would be $68,000
and direct labor cost would total $170,000.

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Predetermined Overhead
Allocation Rate
At the end of 2015, Smart Touch estimated that
total overhead costs for 2016 would be $68,000
and direct labor cost would total $170,000.

Total estimated overhead costs


Total estimated quantity of the overhead allocation base

$ 68,000
$170,000

= 0.40 = 40%

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Allocating Overhead
Actual Quantity
Allocated Predetermined
of the Allocation
Manufacturing = Overhead
Base Used by
Overhead Cost Allocation Rate
Each Job

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Allocating Overhead

Smart Touch Learnings total direct labor cost


for Job 27 was $1,250. How much overhead
should be allocated to Job 27?

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Allocating Overhead

Smart Touch Learnings total direct labor cost


for Job 27 was $1,250. How much overhead
should be allocated to Job 27?
Actual Quantity
Allocated Predetermined
of the Allocation
Manufacturing = Overhead
Base Used by
Overhead Cost Allocation Rate
Each Job
= 40% $1,250
= $500
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Job Cost RecordCompleted

Cost of goods manufactured


Cost of goods manufactured
Total units produced
Total units produced
$4,500
$4,500
15 tablets
15 tablets
= $300 per tablet
= $300 per tablet

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Overhead Allocation
Transaction 8Overhead Allocation: Smart Touchs total
direct labor cost for 2016 was $169,000. Overhead was
allocated based on direct labor cost.
A L + E
=

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Overhead Allocation
Transaction 8Overhead Allocation: Smart Touchs total
direct labor cost for 2016 was $169,000. Overhead was
allocated based on direct labor cost.
A L + E
WIP = MOH

Manufacturing Overhead Work-in-Process Inventory


Trans. 2 17,000 Trans. 8 67,600 Bal. 80,000
Trans. 3 28,000 Trans. 2 355,000
Trans. 4 20,000 Overhead Trans. 3 169,000
Trans. 5 7,000 Allocated Trans. 8 67,600
Trans. 6 6,000 40% $169,000
Trans. 7 5,000
Bal 15,400

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Smith Company expected to incur $10,000 in
manufacturing overhead costs and use 4,000
machine hours for the year. Actual manu-
facturing overhead was $9,700 and the
company used 4,250 machine hours.

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9. Calculate the predetermined overhead
allocation rate using machine hours as the
allocation base.

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9. Calculate the predetermined overhead
allocation rate using machine hours as the
allocation base.
$10,000
4,000 machine hours

$2.50 per machine hour

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10. How much manufacturing overhead was
allocated during the year?

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10. How much manufacturing overhead was
allocated during the year?
$2.50 per machine hour 4,250 machine hours

= $10,625

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Learning Objective 4

Record the completion


and sales of finished
goods

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Flow of Product Costs in Job
Order Costing
Exhibit
Exhibit19-8
19-8Flow
Flowof
ofProduct
ProductCosts
Costsfor
forJobs
Jobs27,
27,28,
28,and
and29
29

BALANCE SHEET INCOME STATEMENT

Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory Cost of Goods Sold


Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job COGM COGS COGS
Job2727 Costs Incurred COGM
Direct Job 27 Job 27 Job 27 Job 27 Job 27
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct
DirectLabor
Labor 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500 4,500
Manufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead Job 28 Job 28 Job 28 Bal

6,000 6,000 6,000 4,500


Job
JobCost
CostRecord
Record Job 29 BalWhen the job is completed, When
Job When the
the job
job isis sold,
sold,
Job2828 the costs are transferred out the
Direct Costs incurred for each job are the costs
costs are
are transferred
transferred out out
DirectMaterials
Materials 3,300 6,000of WIP with a credit and
of
Direct Bal added to WIP with debits of FG
FG with
with aa credit
credit andand
DirectLabor
Labor transferred into FG with a debit. transferred
Manufacturing transferred into
into COGS
COGS
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead This amount is with
3,300 with aa debit.
debit.
called the jobs Cost of Goods This
This amount
amount is is the
the jobs
jobs
Manufactured (COGM) Cost
Cost ofof Goods
Goods SoldSold (COGS).
(COGS).
Job Product costs
JobCost
CostRecord
Record
Job for each job are
Job2929
Direct recorded on
DirectMaterials
Materials
Direct individual job cost
DirectLabor
Labor
Manufacturing records
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-62


Jobs Completed
Transaction 9Jobs Completed: The $644,600 Cost of
Goods Manufactured is the cost of all jobs Smart Touch
completed during 2016.
A L + E
=

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Jobs Completed
Transaction 9Jobs Completed: The $644,600 Cost of
Goods Manufactured is the cost of all jobs Smart Touch
completed during 2016.
A L + E
FG =
WIP

Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory


Bal. 80,000 Bal. 0
Trans. 2 355,000 Trans. 9 644,600 Cost of Goods Trans. 9 644,600
Manufactured
Trans. 3 169,000
Trans. 8 67,600

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Jobs Sold
Transaction 10Jobs Sold: During 2016, sales on account
were $1,200,000.

A L + E
=

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Jobs Sold
Transaction 10Jobs Sold: During 2016, sales on account
were $1,200,000

A L + E
A/R = Sales

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Cost of Jobs Sold
Transaction 11Cost of Jobs Sold: The cost of all jobs that
Smart Touch sold during 2016 was $584,600.

A L + E
=

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Cost of Jobs Sold
Transaction 11Cost of Jobs Sold: The cost of all jobs that
Smart Touch sold during 2016 was $584,600.

A L + E
FG = COGS

Finished Goods Inventory Cost of Goods Sold


Bal. 0 Trans. 11 584,600
Trans. 9 644,600 Trans. 11 584,600 Cost of Goods
Sold

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Summary of the Completion and
Sale of Jobs
BALANCE SHEET INCOME STATEMENT

Work-in-Process Inventory Finished Goods Inventory Cost of Goods Sold


Costs Incurred COGM COGM COGS COGS
Bal. 80,000 Bal. Trans. 11
Trans. 2 355,000 Trans. 9 644,600
0 584,600
Trans. 3 169,000
Trans. 9 Trans. 11
Trans. 8 67,600
Bal. 27,000 644,600 584,600
Bal.

60,000

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The following information pertains to Smith
Company, which you worked with previously in
this chapter:
11.Smith Company completed jobs that cost
$25,000 to manufacture. Record the journal entry.

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-70


The following information pertains to Smith
Company, which you worked with previously in
this chapter:
11.Smith Company completed jobs that cost
$25,000 to manufacture. Record the journal entry.

Finished Goods Inventory 25,000


Work-in-Process Inventory 25,000

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12. Smith Company sold jobs to customers on
account for $52,000 that cost $22,000 to
manufacture. Record the journal entries.

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12. Smith Company sold jobs to customers on
account for $52,000 that cost $22,000 to
manufacture. Record the journal entries.

Accounts Receivable 52,000


Sales Revenues 52,000
Cost of Goods Sold 22,000
Finished Goods Inventory 22,000

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Learning Objective 5

Adjust for
overallocated and
underallocated
overhead

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Manufacturing Overhead Balance
Manufacturing Overhead
Trans. 2 17,000 Trans. 8 67,600 Allocated costs
Trans. 3 28,000
Actual costs Trans. 4 20,000
$83,000 Trans. 5 7,000
Trans. 6 6,000
Trans. 7 5,000
Bal. 15,400

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Adjusting Manufacturing Overhead
Transaction 12Adjusting Manufacturing Overhead: At the
end of 2016, the Manufacturing Overhead account is closed.

A L + E
=

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Adjusting Manufacturing Overhead
Transaction 12Adjusting Manufacturing Overhead: At the
end of 2016, the Manufacturing Overhead account is closed.

A L + E
= COGS
MOH

Manufacturing Overhead Cost of Goods Sold


Trans. 2 17,000 Trans. 8 67,600 Trans. 11 584,600
Trans. 3 28,000 Trans. 12 15,400
Trans. 4 20,000 Bal. 600,000
Trans. 5 7,000
Trans. 6 6,000
Trans. 7 5,000
Bal. 15,400 Underallocated
Trans. 12 15,400 Manufacturing
Bal. 0 Overhead

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Accounting for Manufacturing
Overhead
Exhibit
Exhibit19-9
19-9Accounting
Accountingfor
forManufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead
Before the Period
Calculating the Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate

Predetermined Overhead Total estimated manufacturing costs


Allocation Rate = Total estimated quantity of the overhead allocation base

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Accounting for Manufacturing
Overhead
Exhibit
Exhibit19-9
19-9Accounting
Accountingfor
forManufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead
Before the Period
Calculating the Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate

Predetermined Overhead Total estimated manufacturing costs


Allocation Rate = Total estimated quantity of the overhead allocation base

During the Period


Allocating Overhead
Predetermined Actual Quantity of the
Allocated Manufacturing Overhead Allocation Base Used
=
Overhead Cost Allocation Rate by Each Job

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Accounting for Manufacturing
Overhead
Exhibit
Exhibit19-9
19-9Accounting
Accountingfor
forManufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead
Before the Period
Calculating the Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate

Predetermined Overhead Total estimated manufacturing costs


Allocation Rate = Total estimated quantity of the overhead allocation base

During the Period


Allocating Overhead
Predetermined Actual Quantity of the
Allocated Manufacturing Overhead Allocation Base Used
=
Overhead Cost Allocation Rate by Each Job

At the End of the Period


Adjusting for Overallocated and Underallocated Overhead
Manufacturing Cost of
Journal Entry
Overhead Goods Sold
Actual costs > allocated costs Underallocated Undercosted DR COGS
CR MOH

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Accounting for Manufacturing
Overhead
Exhibit
Exhibit19-9
19-9Accounting
Accountingfor
forManufacturing
ManufacturingOverhead
Overhead
Before the Period
Calculating the Predetermined Overhead Allocation Rate

Predetermined Overhead Total estimated manufacturing costs


Allocation Rate = Total estimated quantity of the overhead allocation base

During the Period


Allocating Overhead
Predetermined Actual Quantity of the
Allocated Manufacturing Overhead Allocation Base Used
=
Overhead Cost Allocation Rate by Each Job

At the End of the Period


Adjusting for Overallocated and Underallocated Overhead
Manufacturing Cost of
Journal Entry
Overhead Goods Sold
Actual costs > allocated costs Underallocated Undercosted DR COGS
CR MOH
Actual costs < allocated costs Overallocated Overcosted DR MOH
CR COGS

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-81


Summary of Journal Entries

A L + E
=
RM A/P

A L + E
RM = MOH
WIP

A L + E
WIP = Wages Pay MOH

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-82


Summary of Journal Entries
(continued)

A L + E
Accum = MOH
Depr

A L + E
Cash = MOH

A L + E
Prepaid = MOH
Insurance

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-83


Summary of Journal Entries
(continued)

A L + E
= Prop Tax MOH
Pay

A L + E
WIP = MOH

A L + E
FG =
WIP

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-84


Summary of Journal Entries
(continued)

A L + E
A/R = Sales
Revenue

A L + E
FG = COGS

A L + E
= COGS
MOH

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Schedule of Cost of Goods
Manufactured

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Income Statement

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The following information pertains to Smith
Company for the year:
Estimated manufacturing overhead $500,000
Estimated direct labor hours 10,000 hours
Actual manufacturing overhead $550,000
Actual direct labor hours 10,500 hours

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-88


13. Calculate the predetermined overhead
allocation rate using direct labor hours as the
allocation base.

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-89


13. Calculate the predetermined overhead
allocation rate using direct labor hours as the
allocation base.

$500,000
10,000 direct labor hours

$50 per direct labor hour

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-90


14. Determine the amount of overhead allocated
during the year. Record the journal entry.

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-91


14. Determine the amount of overhead allocated
during the year. Record the journal entry.
$50 per direct labor hour 10,500 hours
= $525,000

Work-in-Process Inventory 525,000


Manufacturing Overhead 525,000

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-92


15. Determine the amount of underallocated or
overallocated overhead. Record the journal
entry to adjust Manufacturing Overhead.

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-93


15. Determine the amount of underallocated or
overallocated overhead. Record the journal
entry to adjust Manufacturing Overhead.
Actual overhead $ 550,000
Allocated overhead 525,000
Underallocated $ 25,000

Cost of Goods Sold 25,000


Manufacturing Overhead 25,000

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-94


Learning Objective 6

Calculate job costs for


a service company

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-95


Predetermined Overhead Allocation
Rate in a Service Company
Walsh Associates, a law firm, estimates the
following indirect costs for 2016:
Office rent $ 200,000
Office support staff 70,000
Maintaining and updating law library for case research 25,000
Advertisements 3,000
Sponsorship of the symphony 2,000
Total indirect costs $ 300,000

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-96


Predetermined Overhead Allocation
Rate in a Service Company
Walsh uses direct labor hours as the allocation
base because direct labor hours are the main
driver of indirect costs. It is estimated that Walsh
attorneys will work 10,000 direct labor hours in
2016. The predetermined overhead allocation rate
is:

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-97


Predetermined Overhead Allocation
Rate in a Service Company
Walsh uses direct labor hours as the allocation
base because direct labor hours are the main
driver of indirect costs. It is estimated that Walsh
attorneys will work 10,000 direct labor hours in
2016. The predetermined overhead allocation rate
is:
$300,000 expected indirect costs
10,000 expected direct labor hours

= $30 per direct labor hour

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-98


Allocating indirect costs to jobs
Direct labor costs are $50 per hour. Client 367
required 14 direct labor hours. The total costs
assigned to Client 367 are:

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-99


Allocating indirect costs to jobs
Direct labor costs are $50 per hour. Client 367
required 14 direct labor hours. The total costs
assigned to Client 367 are:

Direct labor: 14 hours $50 per hour $


700
Indirect costs: 14 hours $30 per hour
420
Total costs $ 1,120

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-100


Pricing Decisions
The total hourly rate for the company is $80 ($50
per hour for direct labor plus $30 per hour for
indirect costs). If the firm desires a profit equal
to 75% of the firms cost, then the price would
be:
Markup = Total Cost Markup Percentage

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-101


Pricing Decisions
The total hourly rate for the company is $80 ($50
per hour for direct labor plus $30 per hour for
indirect costs). If the firm desires a profit equal
to 75% of the firms cost, then the price would
be:
Markup = Total Cost Markup Percentage
= $80 per hour 75%
= $60 per hour

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-102


Pricing Decisions
The total hourly rate for the company is $80 ($50
per hour for direct labor plus $30 per hour for
indirect costs). If the firm desires a profit equal
to 75% of the firms cost, then the price would
be:
Markup = Total Cost Markup Percentage
= $80 per hour 75%
= $60 per hour
Price = Total Cost + Markup

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-103


Pricing Decisions
The total hourly rate for the company is $80 ($50
per hour for direct labor plus $30 per hour for
indirect costs). If the firm desires a profit equal to
75% of the firms cost, then the price would be:
Markup = Total Cost Markup Percentage
= $80 per hour 75%
= $60 per hour
Price = Total Cost + Markup
= $80 per hour + $60 per hour
= $140 per hour

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-104


Wesson Company is a consulting firm. The firm
expects to have $45,000 in indirect costs
during the year and bill customers for 6,000
hours. The cost of direct labor is $75 per hour.
16.Calculate the predetermined overhead
allocation rate for Wesson.

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-105


Wesson Company is a consulting firm. The firm
expects to have $45,000 in indirect costs
during the year and bill customers for 6,000
hours. The cost of direct labor is $75 per hour.
16.Calculate the predetermined overhead
allocation rate for Wesson.
$45,000
6,000 billable hours
$7.50 per billable hour
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-106
17. Wesson completed a consulting job for
George Peterson and billed the customer for
15 hours. What was the total cost of the
consulting job?

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-107


17. Wesson completed a consulting job for
George Peterson and billed the customer for
15 hours. What was the total cost of the
consulting job?
Direct labor
15 billable hours $75.00 per billable hour = $1,125.00
Indirect costs
15 billable hours $7.50 per billable hour =
112.50
Total cost $1,237.50
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-108
18. If Wesson wants to earn a profit equal to 60%
of the cost of a job, how much should the
company charge Mr. Peterson?

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-109


18. If Wesson wants to earn a profit equal to 60%
of the cost of a job, how much should the
company charge Mr. Peterson?
Profit = 60% of cost
=60% $1,237.50
=$742.50
Price = Cost + Profit
=$1,237.50 + $742.50
=$1,980.00
Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-110
Key Terms
Allocation Base
Cost Driver
Job
Job Cost Record
Job Order Costing System
Labor Time Record

Copyright 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. publishing as Prentice Hall 19-111

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