ADEQUATE VITAMIN D STATUS IS

ASSOCIATED WITH THE REDUCED ODDS OF

PREVALENT DIABETIC RETINOPATHY
IN AFRICAN AMERICANS AND CAUCASIANS

Amy E. Millen, Michelle W. Sahli, Jing Nie, Michael J. LaMonte, Pamela L. Lutsey, Barbara E. K. Klein,
Julie A. Mares, Kirstin J. Meyers, Christopher A. Andrews and Ronald Klein
GROUP 5
Wahyu Widiyastuti R 1513010002
Fabella Khairina Pertiwi 1513010005
Bimantara Cakra Aditama 1513010014
A. A. Sg. Kuntya Sareta 1513010016
Fionny Novira Azelikha 1513010022
Abdullah 1513010027
Samia 1513010029
Mym Dzulfan Azmi 1513010031
Khadijah Gina Puspita 1513010037
Dipa Andhika Harnolis 1513010046
BACKGROUND

Immunomodulatory

Diabetic Influenced by Regulate

Vitamin D
retinopathy Nutritional factors hypertension

Blindness in adults
Control blood
in USA glucose

STRONG risk factors

for retinopathy
BACKGROUND

Vitamin D Prevalent diabetic

Using data from ARIC
( 25[OH]D ) retinopathy

Caucasian and African

Taken 3 years later American participants
Use fundus photographs
(visit 3) with primarily type 2
diabetes

The hypothesize SO,

LOWER odds of
25[OH]D retinopathy 25[OH]D
AIMS

Authors examined the extent to which this association

was mediated by blood pressure or blood glucose control.

Authors also explored associations between self-reported

intake of vitamin D from foods and the odds of
retinopathy.
METHODS

15.792 participants 1. Not consent to use of their data to

enrolled at visit 1 study outcomes

2. Missing data on retinopathy status

3. Missing serum 25(OH)D

4. Identified as neither African

American nor Caucasian

Participants who 5. Missing data on pertinent covariates

follow is 1339 (HBA1c or hypertension)
METHODS

Visit 1 (1987 1989)

Data was collected
Recruited participants
Dietary intake of vitamin D
Physical activity
METHODS
Visit II (1990 1992)
Vitamin D status was assessed by analyzing participants serum
from fasting blood by serum 25(OH)D measures
Blood collected :
- Serum glucose

- HBA1c

- Hematocrit level

- Total plasma cholesterol

- Plasma triglyceride

- Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL)

- High Density Lipoprotein (HDL) cholesterol concentrations

METHODS

Visit III (1993 1995)

Participants were asked about
their use of vitamin D and fish
oil supplements
Gradable retinal fundus photos
 METHODS
At each visit collected information on participants :
Demographic factor
Health history
Family health history
Smoking
Other potential risk factors for cardiovascular disease
Duration of diabetes was defined as < 3 years, 3 to < 6, and 6
years using data on :
Self-reported diabetes diagnosis
Fasting and nonfasting blood glucose levels
Diabetes medication use
RESULT
DISCUSSION

Individuals with higher 25(OH)D lower prevalent retinopathy

Results individuals with type 2 diabetes have supported a protective association but
type 1 diabetes has not
The VDR in pancreatic beta-cells and has a vitamin D response element
a possible role in blood glucose control
Other studies compared 25(OH)D concentrations between groups of individuals
with and without diabetic retinopathy prevalent retinopathy found in three studies
Previous research focused on type 2 diabetes individuals and some research on
type 1 diabetes individuals
CONCLUSION

Adequate vitamin D status, 25(OH)D concentrations

75 nmol/L, may be associated with reduced odds of
diabetic retinopathy via its influence on blood
glucose control.
THANK YOU