NUTRITION

THE DIGESTIVE SYSTEM

WHAT IS IT?
The digestive system is the group of
organs in the body that extract nutrients
from food and expel undigested waste.
Nutrients: are the substances which plants
and animals need in order to live and
grow.
It can take between 24 and 72 hours to
make its way from the mouth to the anus.
Process
Parts of the digestive system
 NOSE and MOUTH: Saliva helps the teeth to crush food
as we chew it.
The OESOPHAGUS:
the tongue shapes the food into a ball called bolus. When
we swallow, the bolus passes into the oesophagus (it is
stretchy tube that links the throat with the stomach).
The EPIGLOTTIS (in the throat) prevents food from going
down the windpipe and into the lungs.
The muscles squeeze the food down to the stomach.
The STOMACH:
The role is to break down food.
For this, it uses its strong muscles walls and excreting
gastric juices which mix with the bolus.
 The SMALL INTESTINE:
The food mixes with bile (which is produced by the live)
and pancreatic juices (which is produced by pancreas).
The food mixture is broken down into proteins,
carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals and fats.
Absorption of nutrients takes place: The nutrients pass
through the walls of the small intestine and are absorbed
into the blood.
The LARGE INTESTINE:
The waste that our body does not need passed to the large
intestine.
Here, water from this waste is absorbed into the blood.
The solid waste leaves our body through the anus.
THE CIRCULATORY SYSTEM
What is it?
Thecirculatory system is responsible for
delivering blood to the bodys tissues
through a network of blood vessels.

Theheart is the main organ of the

circulatory system, which sends oxygen
and nutrients rich blood to all our cells.
 HEART

What is it? Its a hollow muscle which pumps blood

through the body.
It usually beats between 60 and 100 times per minute, but
if we do exercise, our body need more oxygen, so our
heart beats faster.
How is it?
It is made up of four chambers inside a thick muscular wall:
two atria (at the top) and two ventricles (at the bottom).
The atria and the ventricles are separated by valves which
prevent blood from flowing backwards.
BLOOD
What is the blood made up of? Blood is made up of
plasma, red blood cells, white blood cells and
platelets.
Plasma: it is yellow liquid. 90% is water. It carries
nutrients and waste products.
Red blood cells: they give blood its colour. They carry
oxygen and carbon dioxide.
White blood cells: they fight infection.
Platelets: they join together and help stop the
bleeding when the body is losing blood because of a
cut in the skin.
 BLOOD
How is the blood transported? Blood is transported
through three types of blood vessels.
ARTERIES: they carry blood (with oxygen) from the
heart to the rest of the body.
VEINS: they carry blood (contains carbon dioxide)
from the body to the heart.
CAPILLARIES: they are tiny blood vessels which
connect the arteries and the veins. Gases and
nutrients can pass through them to the cells.
 DOUBLE CIRCUIT
PULMONARY SYSTEMIC
CIRCULATION CIRCULATION

Blood flows from the The blood flows from

heart to the lungs the heart to the rest
and back to the of the body an back
heart again. again.
 Pulmonary circulation
1. It starts in the right side of the heart. The
deoxygenated blood passes from the right atrium
to the right ventricle. From there it leaves the heart
via the pulmonary artery and travels to the lungs.

2. In the lungs, blood releases carbon dioxide and

collects oxygen.

3. Blood returns to the heart (left atrium) through the

pulmonary veins.
 Systemic circulation
4. It starts in the left side of the heart. The oxygenated
blood passes from the left atrium to the left ventricle.

5. From there the blood is pumped through the aorta (the

biggest artery in the body) to the rest of the body.

6. The aorta carries the blood into small arteries and then
to the capillaries (where the blood releases oxygen and
nutrient into he cells and collects carbon dioxide and
other waste substances.)

7. The deoxygenated blood enters into the right side of

the heart through the veins cava (right atrium). The
process begins again.
THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
 It
extracts oxygen from the atmosphere
and uses it to convert the nutrients into
energy.

During the process to produce energy,

the cells produce carbon dioxide that has
to be expelled from the body.
PROCESS
 The air enters through the nose and mouth. It passes
the pharynx and then to the trachea (windpipe)
Trachea is divided in two tubes called bronchi.
Each bronchus is subdivides into smaller bronchi
(bronchioles).
At the end of each bronchiole is a cluster of tiny air
sacks called alveoli (where the gas exchange takes
place.)
Oxygen passes from the alveoli to the capillaries and into
the blood.
Carbon dioxide leaves the blood and enters the alveoli.
Inhalation: when we take a breath, our diaphragm
(big muscle under the lungs) contracts and flattens to
let the lungs inflate.
Exhalation.- when we breath out, the diaphragm
relaxes and push the carbon dioxide out of the lungs.
 THE EXCRETORY SYSTEM
Iteliminates (gets rid Its made up of:
of) waste products Urinary system
(carbon dioxide, urine Sweat glands
and water) from our
body.
URINARY SYSTEM
It is the principal way in which the body gets rid of
waste from blood.
It produces about 1.4 litres of urine every day.
Process
The renal arteries carry blood to the kidneys.
The kidneys eliminate urine (water and waste
products from the blood)
Urine leaves the kidneys and passes down through
two tubes called ureters to the bladder.
When the bladder is about half full, is when you want
to go to the toilet.
The bladder is emptied by another tube called the
urethra.
SWEATING
Our body eliminates waste products through the
skin.
Glands sweats excrete sweat which is a mixture
of water and minerals.
Sweat leaves our body through pores.
 Nutrition:
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es_2009063063_7240100/index.html
http://agrega2.red.es//repositorio/01022010/cc/
es_2009063063_7240100/index.html
Circulatory:
http://www.primaria.librosvivos.net/archivosCMS/
3/3/16/usuarios/103294/9/5EP_Cono_in_ud5_circu
lacion_1/frame_prim.swf
Excretion:
http://www.primaria.librosvivos.net/archivosCMS/
3/3/16/usuarios/103294/9/6EP_Cono_in_ud5_excr
ecion_1/frame_prim.swf