Professional Documents
Culture Documents
Chapter 5: Computer-Based
Transaction Processing
Figure 5-7
Data Processing Methods
Information flow
Adding machine
Document flow
tape used for
batch control
Annotation for
additional
explanation
A Sample Document
Flowchart
Requesting Department Central Supplies Department
12 A
Goods Requisition
Form
1
Goods Requisition
Form
File
System Flowcharts
Punched Document
Paper Tape
Magnetic Magnetic
Tape Disk
Start/Stop Terminal
Can also be an external
entity
Logic Flow
A On-page
connector
Telecommunication
Off-page Link
Connector
System Flowcharting
Symbols Miscellaneous - I
Data Preparation
Communication Link
Termination
Can also be an external entity
System Flowcharting
Symbols Miscellaneous - II
Class Registration
Processing System
Get Course Edit Course Update Course Output Registration Output Course
Schedules Schedules Schedules Reports Schedules
Other Files Other Files Other Reports
Figure 5-11
Sequential vs. Direct Updating
Sequential Updating from Batched/Online Inputs: To update a
master file sequentially within a computer-based application, the
processing program starts at the beginning master file record. It
then reads every record in the file, changing data in each record
affected by a transaction (see Figs. 5-6 and 5-7 & 5-8).
Sequential Updating requires sorting of the transaction file by the
master file sorting key (e.g., transactions originally sorted on
transaction_no. must now be resorted by master-file
customer_no.).
Since all the records in a master file are read during the update,
sequential updating increases the processing time significantly if
only a few records are to be updated.
Direct Updating: Instead of processing a batch of transactions
sequentially against an entire master file, each transaction in the
batch can be posted directly to the affected records.
Direct Updating with batched transactions eliminates the sorting
step.
Direct Updating is only feasible if the master files are stored on direct-
access storage.
DFD Showing Batched Sequential
Processing of Transactions
Source Documents Batch of
Origination of Documents
Batch
Transactions
Documents &
Compute
Totals
Batch Totals
Prepare Batch
Prepare Documents
Financial for Sequential
Outputs Subsidiary and Processing
General ledgers
Updated
Financial Statement Post Data to
Records
& other Outputs Accounting Sorted Batch
Records & of Documents
Verify Batch
Totals
Recipients
of Transaction Data
Outputs (Journals)
Figure 5-12
Enterprise Resource
Planning
Direct Access: This denotes any method that involves the accessing of
desired records in some way other than by an exhaustive search through
all the records in a file
Significant methods of Direct Access include:
Indexed sequential file
Randomization
Binary searches
Linked lists
Inverted lists
All Direct Access methods require direct-access storage media such as
magnetic disks and the use of Pointers
Pointers are data elements whose values specify or point to the physical
storage addresses where associated data are stored. In contrast to the
other data elements of a record, a pointer provides direction
rather than content
Indexed Sequential File - I
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