INDIAN

CONSTITUTION

ALPHONSE P.J.
SOCIAL SCIENCE.
CONSTITUTION
A constitution is an important document laying down
the fundamental principles of a country .
The country is governed by these principles .

Laws are also formulated according to them .

The constitution is regarded as the fundamental law of

a country .
THE CONSTITUTION OF INDIA
The Constitution was adopted by the Constituent
Assembly of India on 26 November 1949 .
It came into effect on 26 January 1950 .
FEATURES OF OUR
CONSTITUTION
Longest Written Constitution.
Partly rigid and Partly flexible.

A Democratic Republic.

Parliamentary system of government.

Federal government with Unitary bias.

Preamble

Fundamental Rights.

Directive Principles of state policy.

 Fundamental Duties.
Secular state.

An independent Judiciary.

Universal Adult Franchise.

Single Citizenship.

Welfare state.

Emergency provisions.
PREAMBLE
 FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS
Included in the Part III of the Constitution .
Fundamental Rights are those rights which cannot be
denied to a person at any cost.
They are inevitable for the holistic development of an
individual.
They are essential for leading a dignified life.

The framers of the Constitution prepared the

Fundamental Rights based on the rights aimed by the
struggle for independence and recommended by Nehru
Committee Report.
 The Bill of Rights in the American Constitution also
influenced the formulation of our Fundamental Rights.
FUNDAMENTAL RIGHTS IN
DETAIL
I. RIGHT TO EQUALITY ( ARTICLE 14 -18)
Article 14: Equality before law and equal protection
of laws.
Article 15: Prohibition of discrimination on certain
grounds.
Article 16: Equality of opportunity in public
employment.
Article 17: Abolition of untouchability.
Article 18: Abolition of titles.
 II. RIGHT TO FREEDOM
(ARTICLE :19-22)

Article 19: Protection of six rights.

(1) Right to freedom of Speech and Expression.
(2) Right to assemble peacefully and without arms.
(3)Right to form associations or unions or co-operative
societies.
(4)Right to move freely throughout the territory of India.
(5)Right to reside and settle in any part of the territory
of India.
(6)Right to practice any profession or to carry on
any occupation,trade or business.

Article 20: Protection in respect of Conviction for

offences.
Article 21:Protection of life and personal liberty.
Article 21 A: Right to Education.
Article 22: Protection against arrest and detention.
III.RIGHT AGANIST EXPLOITATION
(ARTICLE :23 &24)
Article 23: Prohibition of traffic in human beings
and forced labour.
Article 24: Prohibition of employment of children in
factories etc.
IV.RIGHT TO FREEDOM OF RELIGION
(ARTICLE 25 - 28)
Article 25: Freedom of conscience and free
profession, practice and propagation of religion.
Article 26: Freedom to manage religious affairs.
Article 27: Freedom from taxation for promotion of
a religion.
Article 28: Freedom from attending religious
instruction.
V.CULTURAL AND EDUCATIONAL
RIGHTS
(ARTICLE:29&30)

Article 29: Protection of interests of minorities.

Article 30: Right of minorities to establish and
administer educational institutions.
VI.RIGHT TO CONSTITUTIONAL
REMEDIES . (ARTICLE 32)
Habeas Corps - to have the body of.
Mandamus - we command.

Prohibition - to forbid.

Certiorari - to be certified ot to be informed.

Quo- Warranto - by what authority or warrant .

Article 33: Armed forces and Fundamental Rights.
Article 34: Marital Law and Fundamental Rights.
Article 35: Effecting certain fundamental Rights.
CRITICISM OF FUNDAMENTAL
RIGHTS.
Excessive limitations.
No social and economic rights.

No clarity.

No permanency.

Suspension during emergencies .

Expensive remedy.

Preventive detention.

No consistent philosophy.