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ITS
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Made By :-
VENKATESH DUBEY (120150119125)
SMIT JOSHI (120150119027)
GUIDED BY: -
Prof. K.K.Pokar
* CONTENTS *
FOURIER SERIES.
APPLICATION OF FOURIER SERIES :-
FORCED OSCILLATION.
APPROXIMATION BY TRIGNOMETRIC
POLYNOMIALS.
JOSEPH FOURIER
PLAY
As we know that TAYLOR SERIES representation of functions are
valid only for those functions which are continuous and
differentiable. But there are many discontinuous periodic
function which requires to express in terms of an infinite series
containing sine and cosine terms.
Where,
(1.1)
(1.2)
(1.3)
EXAMPLE:
sin-1x, we can say that the function sin-1x cant be
expressed as Fourier series as it is not a single valued
function.
EVEN FUNCTIONS
a0
nx
f ( x) an cos
2 n 1 L
2 L
Where, a0
L 0
f ( x )dx
2 L nx
an f ( x) cos dx n 1,2,
L 0 L
bn 0
ODD FUNCTIONS
nx
f ( x) bn sin( )
n 1 L
Where, 2 L nx
bn f ( x) sin dx n 1,2,
L 0 L
Examples..
Using above,
1
a0
f ( x)dx
1
( x 2 x )dx
1 x3 x2
3 2
1 3 2 3 2 2
3
a0
3 2 3 2
3
Now,
1
an
f ( x) cos nxdx
1
( x 2 x) cos nxdx
1 sin nx cos nx sin nx
( x 2 x) ( 2 x 1) ( 2)
n n 2
n 3
1 cos n cos n
(2 1) (2 1)
n 2
n 2
1 (1) n (1) n
(2 1) 2 (2 1) 2
n n
4(1) n
n2
Now, 1
bn
f ( x) sin nxdx
1
( x 2 x) sin nxdx
1 2 cos nx sin nx cos nx
( x x) (2 x 1) 2 (2) 3
n n n
1 ( 2 ) ( 2 ) n
(1)
n
(1)
n n
(1) n
n
2 2
2(1) n
n
Hence fourier series of, f(x) = x2+x,
2
4( 1
) n
2( 1) n
x2 x 2 cos nx sin nx
3 n1 n n
APPLICATIONS
OF
FOURIER SERIES
1.Forced Oscillation
Consider a mass-spring system as before, where we have a
mass m on a spring with spring
constant k, with damping c, and a force F(t) applied to the
mass.
Suppose the forcing function F(t) is 2L-periodic for some
L > 0.
mx + kx = 0
has the general solution,
Let us first study the heat equation. Suppose that we have a wire
(or a thin metal rod) of length L that is insulated except at the
endpoints. Let x denote the position along the wire and let t
denote time. See Figure,
Let u(x; t) denote the temperature at point x at time t. The
equation governing this setup is the so-called one-dimensional
heat equation:
Q x
Where, k
At T
Since the left hand side is a constant with respect to x and the
right hand side is a constant with respect to t, both sides
must, in fact, be constant. It turns out that constant should be
taken to be non-positive, so we indicate it as 2; thus,
and we then have two ordinary differential equations ,
Where,