Professional Documents
Culture Documents
IT INFRASTRUCTURE AND
EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES
COM 2KA3:
INFORMATION SYSTEMS IN
MGMT
IT Infrastructure
IT Infrastructure
The shared technology resources that provide the
platform for the firms specific information
system applications.
Consists of the physical devices (i.e. hardware)
and software applications (e.g. SAP) that are
required to operate the entire enterprise.
It is also a set of firm-wide services (e.g.
consulting, education, and training)
IT Infrastructure
IT Infrastructure
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=UFQXNiHSXjg
IT Infrastructure
IT Infrastructure
Defining IT Infrastructure
Services include:
Computing platforms
Connect employees, customers, and suppliers into a coherent digital
environment
Telecommunication services
Provide data, voice, and video connectivity to employees, customers, and
suppliers
Data management services
Store and manage corporate data and provide capabilities for analyzing the
data
Application
Provide enterprise-wide capabilities (e.g. ERP, CRM)
Personal Computer
(1981-present)
Client/Server
(1983-present)
A Multi-tiered Client/Server Network
Evolution of IT Infrastructure (Cont.)
Client/Server (1983-present)
What drives
1. Mainframe the
evolution?
2. PC
3. Client/server
4. Enterprise/ Internet
5. Cloud computing
Technology Drivers of Infrastructure Evolution
Server machines
Blade servers
Server Farms
Mainframes systems
Infrastructure Components
2. Operating System Platforms
Server machines
35% in mircosoft windows
Capable of providing enterprise wide operating system and network services and appeals to organizations
seeking windows-based it infrastructures
55% Lenx
Unix and Linux are scalable, reliable, and much less expensive than mainframe operating systems, they run
on many different types of processors
Linus: an inexpensive and robust open-source relative to Unix
Client machines
90% of PCs use a form of Microsoft operating system to manage the resources and activities of the computer
Google chrome OS provides a lightweight operating system for cloud computing using netbooks
Android: open-source operating system for mobile devices developed by the open handset alliance led by google
iOS: operating system for Apple products that features multitouch interface
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=5AjReRMoG3Y
Infrastructure Components
5. Networking/Telecommunications Platforms
Windows Server is often used as a local area
network operating system, followed by Linux and
Unix
Software integration
3. Grid computing
4. Virtualization
1. Example: when apple runs windows on their computer
2. Better use of technology, allows to do more things on one platform
5. Cloud computing
6. Green computing
7. High-performance/power-saving processors
8. Autonomic computing
Hardware Platform Trends
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=esVzoSqQ1Pc
Hardware Platform Trends
4. Virtualization
Accessing computing resources in ways that are not
restricted by physical configuration or geographic
location.
Ability to host multiple systems on a single physical
machine
Allows multiple operating systems to run on one
machine; increases server utilization rates from 10-15 to
70% or higher of capacity; conserves data center space
and energy
Hardware Platform Trends
4. Virtualization (Cont.)
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kuXVJH9lDQo
Hardware Platform Trends
5. Cloud computing
A model of computing in which computer processing,
storage, software, and other services are provided as a
pool of virtualized resources over a network, primarily the
Internet
Firms pay only for the computing power they use, as with
an electrical utility
5. Cloud computing
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ae_DKNwK_ms
Hardware Platform Trends
Measured services
Hardware Platform Trends
Cloud computing types
Cloud
Customers use processing, storage, networking
infrastructure as a
resources to run their information systems
service
Utility computing: purchase their computing services from remote providers and pay only for the amount used
On-demand computing
Private cloud
Open solely for an organization
Hybrid cloud
Large firms use this often
Use their own infrastructure for their most essential core activities and adopt public cloud computing for less-critical systems
or for additional processing capacity during peak periods
Security risks
24/7 availability
8. Autonomic computing
Industry-wide effort to develop systems that can configure, optimize, tune
themselves, heal themselves when broken, and protect themselves from
outside intruders
Similar to self-updating antivirus software
Software Platform Trends
Linux and open source software
Open-source software is software produced by a community of a many as several hundred thousand programmers
around the world. Open source software is free and can be modified by users. Most open-sourced software is currently
based on a Linux or Unix operating system
Works derived from the original code must be free, and the software can be redistributed by the user without additional
licensing
Being used on netbooks as inexpensive alternative to Microsoft office
Linus is available in free versions downloadable form from the internet
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=fch9WjHjAXI
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=a8fHgx9mE5U
Software Platform Trends
2. Software for the Web: Java, HTML, and HTML5
Java
Java fits anywhere (universal and mobile)
HTML5
Images, audio, video can be embedded directly into a document without processor add-ons
Web Services:
Software components that exchange information using Web standards and languages
Exchanging information between two different systems regardless of the operating systems
or programming languages on which the systems are based.
Make possible for computers to manipulate and interpret their data automatically and
perform operations on the data without human intervention
Software Platform Trends
3. Web Services and Service-Oriented Architecture
(Cont.)
Service-Oriented Architecture (SOA):
Thecollection of Web services that are used to build a
firms software systems
Set
of self-contained services that communicate
with each other to create a working software
application
Softwaredevelopers reuse these services in other
combinations to assemble other applications as needed
Software Platform Trends
Software Outsourcing and Cloud Services
economics
Chpater 5 in review
culture
Which model can be used to analyze
the direct and indirect costs to help
firms determine the actual cost of
specific technology implementations?
Answer: total cost of ownership
Prewritten, commercially available sets
of software programs that eliminate
the need for a firm to write its own
software programs for certain
functions, are referred to as
Answer: software packages
Mainframe computing refers to a model
of computing that provides access to a
shared pool of computing resources
(computers, storage, applications, and
services) over a network, often the
internet
Answer: False
architecture
Place the following eras of IT
infrastructure evolution in order, from
earliest to most recent:
1. cloud computing
2. client
Answer: 5,4,2,3,1
The collection of web services that
are used to build a firms software
systems constitutes what is known as a
service-oriented architecture
Answer: True