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SEALANTS
A SUBSTANCE USED TO BLOCK THE PASSAGE OF
FLUIDS THROUGH THE SURFACE OR JOINTS OR
OPENINGS IN MATERIALS.
IN BUILDING CONSTRUCTION, SEALANT IS
SOMETIMES SYNONIMOUS WITH CAULKING AND
ALSO SERVES AS THE PURPOSE OF BLOCKING
DUST, SOUND, AND HEAT TRANSMISSION.
SEALANTS ARE NOT ADHESIVES BUT SOME HAVE
ADHESIVE QUALITIES CALLED ADHESIVE-SEALANTS
OR STRUCTURAL SEALANTS.
HISTORY OF SEALANTS
SEALING IS AN AGE-OLD PROBLEM THAT DATES BACK TO OUR
EARLIEST ATTEMPTS TO CREATE A MORE COMFORTABLE LIVING
ENVIRONMENT. PREHISTORIC MAN USED NATURAL SEALANTS SUCH
AS EARTH, LOAM, GRASS, AND BITUMEN TO PROTECT THE INTERIOR
OF DWELLINGS AGAINST THE WEATHER.
HVAC System
Hydraulic System
Automotive Industry
ADHESIVE
ADHESIVE
MAY BE USED INTERCHANGEABLY
WITH GLUE, CEMENT, MUCILAGE,
OR PASTE, AND IS ANY SUBSTANCE APPLIED
TO ONE SURFACE, OR BOTH SURFACES, OF
TWO SEPARATE ITEMS THAT BINDS THEM
TOGETHER AND RESISTS THEIR SEPARATION.
HISTORY OF ADHESIVES
THE ORIGINAL ADHESIVE WAS DEVELOPED BY THE CAVEMAN,
WHO MADE GLUE OUT OF ANIMAL HIDES AND PROTEINS.
WATER-BASED ADHESIVES (PVAC, WHITE GLUE, RESIN GLUE)
WERE INVENTED IN GERMANY DURING WORLD WAR I. IT IS
THE KEY INGREDIENT IN WOOD GLUE AND ELMERS GLUE.
HOT MELT ADHESIVES (ALSO KNOWN AS EVAS OR ETHYLENE
VINYL ACETATE) WERE INVENTED AROUND 1900, AND
PERFECTED AFTER WORLD WAR II DURING THE DEVELOPMENT
OF AUTOMATED PACKAGING LINES.
TYROLEAN ICEMAN OR OTZI
IN 2000, A PAPER REVEALED THE DISCOVERY OF A
5,200 YEAR OLD MAN.
HE WAS PRESERVED IN A GLACIER NEAR THE
AUSTRIA-ITALY BORDER.
HIS BELONGINGS WERE FOUND WITH HIM
INCLUDING TWO (2) ARROWS WITH FLINT
ARROWHEADS AND A COPPER HATCHET, EACH WITH
EVIDENCE OF ORGANIC GLUE USED TO CONNECT
THE STONE OR METAL PARTS TO THE WOODEN
CRAFTS.
THE NEXT PERIOD OF ACTIVITY IS FROM 1-500 A.D. WHEN THE
ROMANS AND GREEKS DEVELOPED THE ART OF VENEERING AND
MARQUETRY, WHICH IS THE BONDING OF THIN SECTIONS OR
LAYERS OF WOOD.
CHARLES GOODYEAR
NATURAL RUBBER WAS FIRST USED AS
MATERIAL FOR ADHESIVES IN 1830.
HE DISCOVERED THAT A RUBBER AND
SULFUR MIXTURE WHEN HEATED,
BECOMES ELASTIC.
TYPES OF ADHESIVES
ON BASIS OF CURING METHOD
NON-REACTIVE
A NON-REACTIVE ADHESIVE IS ONE WHICH DOES NOT USE ANY
CHEMICAL REACTION IN THE GENERATION OF THE PROCESS OF
ADHESION, LIKE EPOXIES OR CYANATES (SUPER GLUE) YET STILL ADHERE
BY ELECTROSTATIC OR MECHANICAL INTERCALATION NOT REACTING
CHEMICALLY TO ADHERE TO THE SURFACE.
DRYING
SOLVENT-BASED ADHESIVES
ARE A MIXTURE OF INGREDIENTS (TYPICALLY POLYMERS) DISSOLVED IN
A SOLVENT.
POLYMER DISPERSION
ADHESIVES
ALSO KNOWN AS EMULSION ADHESIVES.
ARE MILKY-WHITE DISPERSIONS OFTEN BASED ON POLYVINYL
ACETATE (PVAC). THEY ARE USED EXTENSIVELY IN THE
WOODWORKING AND PACKAGING INDUSTRIES. THEY ARE ALSO
USED WITH FABRICS AND FABRIC-BASED COMPONENTS, AND IN
ENGINEERED PRODUCTS SUCH AS LOUDSPEAKER CONES.
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE
ADHESIVES
PRESSURE-SENSITIVE ADHESIVE (PSA, SELF-ADHESIVE, SELF-STICK
ADHESIVE) IS ADHESIVE WHICH FORMS A BOND WHEN PRESSURE IS
APPLIED TO MARRY THE ADHESIVE WITH THE ADHERENT. NO SOLVENT,
WATER, OR HEAT IS NEEDED TO ACTIVATE THE ADHESIVE.
HOT ADHESIVES
ALSO KNOWN AS HOT MELT ADHESIVES
ARE THERMOPLASTICS APPLIED IN MOLTEN FORM (IN THE 65180 C
RANGE) WHICH SOLIDIFY ON COOLING TO FORM STRONG BONDS
BETWEEN A WIDE RANGE OF MATERIALS.
REACTIVE
ARE TYPICALLY CHARACTERIZED BY THE FORMATION OF PERMANENT
BONDS BETWEEN SUBSTRATES TO PROVIDE RESISTANCE TO
CHEMICALS, MOISTURE AND HEAT.
ULTRAVIOLET (UV) LIGHT
CURING ADHESIVES
ALSO KNOWN AS LIGHT CURING MATERIALS
THIS PROCESS OF CURING REQUIRES LESS TIME AS COMPARED TO
HEAT CURED ADHESIVES AND THUS REDUCES THE OVERALL
PRODUCTION COST AND HENCE UV ADHESIVES ARE REPLACING
HEAT CURED ADHESIVES.
HEAT CURING ADHESIVES
FOR ALL THE HEAT CURE ADHESIVES HIGHER TEMPERATURES WILL RESULT
IN FASTER CURE. LIMITATIONS ON CURE SPEED AR GENERALLY
DEPENDENT ON THE TEMPERATURES THAT THE UNITS AND COMPONENTS
ARE ABLE TO WITHSTAND.
MOISTURE CURING ADHESIVES
STEP 1
MEASURE THE TOTAL AREA OF THE
WALLS TO BE INSULATED
STEP 2
OPEN THE PACKAGES BY CUTTING LENGTHWISE THROUGH
THE SIDE PANEL. BE CAREFUL TO AVOID CUTTING THE
PRODUCT OR FACING. THE INSULATION WILL QUICKLY
EXPAND TO ITS FULL VOLUME WHEN THE BAG IS OPENED.
STEP 3
ROLLS MUST BE MEASURED AND CUT TO FIT INTO WALL
CAVITIES. CUT INSULATION ABOUT AN INCH WIDER THAN
THE SPACE USING A SHARP UTILITY KNIFE AGAINST A SAFE
BACKSTOP, SUCH AS AN UNFINISHED FLOOR OR OTHER
SMOOTH, FLAT SURFACE. ALWAYS CUT ON THE UNFACED
SIDE OF THE BATT.
STEP 4
GENTLY PUSH INSULATION INTO THE CAVITY SO THAT IT
SITS ALL THE WAY, ESPECIALLY AT THE CORNER AND EDGES.
THEN, FLUFF IT TO ITS FULL EXPANSION BY PULLING IT
FORWARD TO FILL THE DEPTH OF THE CAVITY. THE FIT
SHOULD BE SNUG.
STEP 5
ALLOW FRICTION TO HOLD THE INSULATION IN PLACE. OR
YOU CAN STAPLE THE FLANGES OF FACED INSULATION TO
THE INSIDES OR FACE OF THE JOISTS. (STAPLING ON THE
INSIDE IS PREFERRED BY MANY DRYWALLERS BECAUSE IT
LEAVES THE EDGES OF THE FRAMING MEMBERS EASIER TO
LOCATE.
STEP 6
APPLY VAPOR-RETARDANT POLY FILM OVER
BATTING FOR EXTERIOR WALLS. TO MAKE
EXTERNAL WALLS EXTREMELY INSULATED,
IT'S COMMON TO APPLY A LAYER OF
VAPOR-RETARDANT FILM OVER THE
INSULATION, TO MAKE IT MORE SECURE.
INSTALLING SPRAY FOAM
INSULATION
STEP 1
MAKE SURE YOU HAVE A SUITABLE SPACE
FOR SPRAY FOAM. IF YOU WANT TO
INSULATE AN AREA IN YOUR CRAWL SPACE,
ATTIC, OR BASEMENT, SPRAY FOAM
INSULATION MIGHT BE APPROPRIATE FOR
THE JOB, USING A LOW-PRESSURE SPRAYER
AND THE PROPER SAFETY EQUIPMENT.
STEP 2
GET A LOW-PRESSURE SPRAYER. GENERALLY,
DISPOSABLE AND REFILLABLE SPRAY INSULATION
TANKS ARE SOLD AS PART OF A SPRAY FOAM
INSULATION KIT.
STEP 3
CHOOSE BETWEEN OPEN AND CLOSED-CELL
INSULATION SPRAY. CLOSED-CELL INSULATION IS RIGID
AND DENSE, WITH A HIGHER R-VALUE THAN OPEN-
CELL. THE ADVANTAGE OF OPEN-CELL IS THAT IT'S
SUPER-FAST AND CHEAP, INCLUDED IN MOST
INDIVIDUAL SMALL SPRAY CANS OF FOAM.
STEP 4
PREPARE THE AREA FOR INSULATION. REMOVE
EXPOSED NAILS, DEBRIS, AND OTHER IMPEDIMENTS
FROM THE WALLS TO BE INSULATED.
STEP 5
APPLY THE SPRAY FROM ABOUT TWO FEET AWAY.
DON'T GET TOO CLOSE, BUT STAND A FEW FEET
BACK AND SPRAY AS EVENLY AS YOU CAN, BACK
AND FORTH ACROSS THE AREA TO BE INSULATED. IF
YOU'RE SPRAYING INSIDE A WALL, COUNT TO THREE,
THEN STOP AND EXAMINE YOUR PROGRESS TO MAKE
SURE THAT YOU AREN'T OVER-FILLING THE WALL.
STEP 6
FIRE-SHEATH SPRAY-INSULATED WALLS. SPRAY
FOAM IS NOT A FINISHED SURFACE AND WILL
IGNITE QUICKLY IN THE EVENT OF A FIRE.
AFTER APPLYING, IT'S COMMON TO DRYWALL
OVER THE INSULATED AREA TO FINISH THE
JOB.
ADVANTAGES AND
DISADVANTAGES OF
INSULATION
MATERIALS
TYPES OF INSULATION ADVANTAGES DISADVANTAGES
MATERIALS
BATTS AND BLANKETS Comes in standard width and Have environmental issues
thickness, this assists the user such as the Phenolo
in getting the installation Formaldehyde which has
easier been associated with cancer.