Amazing Group

Jenson Clyde A. Magdaong

John Christian R. Nave
Eljerome Marc V. Zambrona
John Cedrick B. Araullo
Israel Gazil
Arlvin Armada
Kevin P. Pinon
Leiner Espinosa
Definition
Harmonic excitation is often encountered in engineering
systems.
It is commonly produced by the unbalance in rotating
machinery.
Although pure harmonic excitation is less likely to occur
than periodic or other types of excitation, understanding
the behavior of a system undergoing harmonic excitation is
essential in order to comprehend how the system will
respond to more general types of excitation.
Harmonic excitation may be in the form of a force or
displacement of some point in the system.
Introduction
A mechanical system is said to undergo forced
vibration whenever external energy is supplied to the
system during vibration
External energy can be supplied to the system through
either an applied force or an impose displacement
excitation
The applied force or displacement may be harmonic,
nonharmonic but periodic, nonperiodic, or random
 Harmonic or transient responses
Dynamic response of a single degree of freedom under
harmonic excitations
Resonance
Examples: unbalanced rotating response, the
oscillation of a tall chimney due to vortex shedding
and the vertical motion of an automobile on a
sinusoidal road surface
Equation of Motion
 The solution to this equation consists of two parts,
the complementary function, which is the solution
of the homogeneous equation, and the particular
integral.
The complementary function. in this case, is a damped
free vibration.
 The particular solution to the preceding equation is a
steady-state oscillation of the same frequency w as that
of the excitation.
We can assume the particular solution to be of the
form :

where X is the amplitude of oscillation and f is the

phase of the displacement with respect to the exciting
force.
 The amplitude and phase in the previous equation are
found by substituting equation into the differential
equation.
Remembering that in harmonic motion the phases of
the velocity and acceleration are ahead of the
displacement by 90 and 180, respectively, the terms
of the differential equation can also be displayed
graphically, as in Fig.
 It is easily seen from this diagram that

and
 We now express Eqs in non-dimensional term that
enables a concise graphical presentation of these
results. Dividing the numerator and denominator of
Eqs by k, we obtain :

and,
 These equations can be further expressed in terms of
the following quantities:
 The non-dimensional expressions for the amplitude
and phase then become:

and
 These equations indicate that the non-dimensional
amplitude Xk/F0, termed as magnification factor and
the phase are functions of the frequency
ratio /nf and the damping factor and can be
plotted as shown Fig. 2.2 & Fig. 2.3.
These curve show that the damping factor has a large
influence on the amplitude and phase angle in the
frequency region near resonance.
The curves show that as the damping ratio increases,
the maximum value of magnification factor decreases.
When there is no damping i.e. (=0), it reaches to
infinity at the resonance i.e. when /nf = 1.
References
http://personal.cityu.edu.hk/~bsapplec/forced.htm
http://iitg.vlab.co.in/?brch=175&cnt=1&sim=1084&sub
=62
www.kau.edu.sa%2FGetFile.aspx%3Fid%3D235419%26
Lng%3DAR%26fn%3DHarmonically%2520Excited%25
20Vibration.pdf&usg=AOvVaw2GgyRzgMknfBMVlLX
q8Afy
FIN